Before Psychotherapy (talk therapy) is the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder. It is the most commonly recommended therapy for BPD. Oxid Med Cell Longev. As a result, almost all people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are above the age of 18. Moukhtarian, Talar. Caffeine and nicotine use are not included among the drugs that constitute stimulant-related disorders. People with BPD who take Adderall are at risk of becoming more emotionally dysregulated and suffering more intense bouts of dysphoria, which further increases their risk for self-harm and suicide. 2015;20(6):522-529. doi:10.1017/S1092852915000462, Ingenhoven TJM, Duivenvoorden HJ. Stimulants are helpful for managing the symptoms of emotional dysregulation connected to ADHD. Associated features are increased risk for self-harm, suicide, and transient stress-induced psychotic symptoms. Stimulants may be prescribed to treat obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and, Taking the stimulant in larger dosages and/or for a longer period of time than intended, Desiring to reduce stimulant use, and/or making failed efforts to do so, Spending a large amount of time procuring, using, or recovering from the effects of the stimulant, Experiencing a strong desire or urge to use the stimulant, Demonstrating the inability, due to stimulant use, to maintain obligations for one's job, school, or home life, Continuing to use the stimulant in the face of social/interpersonal problems that result from, or are made worse by, the use of the stimulant, Prioritizing stimulant use to such an extent that social, occupational, and recreational activities are either given up or are reduced drastically, Repeatedly using the stimulant in situations in which it is physically hazardous, Continuing to use the stimulant even when the individual knows that it is causing or exacerbating physical and psychological problems. The average age for those in first-time treatment for stimulant-related disorders is 23 years old. Borderline Personality Disorder and Amphetamines. 2018 Jul;33(4):233-237. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000219. Unstable, intense and difficult relationships. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Essentially, DBT-SUD can improve recovery outcomes for co-occurring borderline personality disorder and amphetamine addiction. Abnormal concentration of GABA and glutamate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.-An in vivo 1h-mrs study. 2021. An official website of the United States government. Take time to learn about the BPD to understand what your loved one is experiencing. Its important to remember that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition. Matthies, Swantje. Change can be difficult and frightening to people with BPD, but their symptoms can improve over time with treatment. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. While bipolar disorder is also characterized by wide fluctuations in mood and behavior, its distinct from borderline personality disorder (BPD). We publish material that is researched, cited, edited and reviewed by licensed medical professionals. 2015 Sep;7(3):199-209. doi: 10.1007/s12402-015-0165-2. Their use should be closely monitored. Borderline personality disorder, or BPD, is marked by volatility, seemingly manipulative behaviors, and crushing anxiety. 2021 Jan 6;11(1):12. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01118-4. MAOIs were the first drugs on the market for treating depression. About 8% to 10% of people with BPD die by suicide. Accessibility Is Borderline Personality Disorder Genetic? J Neurosci. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Michelle is the author of Ana, Mia & Me: A Memoir From an Anorexic Teen Mind. Shifting uncertainty intolerance: methylphenidate and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The fundamental principles ofDBT-SUDinclude concurrent treatment of both disorders, skills training andindividual and group therapy sessions. The site is secure. Similarly, receiving substance abuse treatment can increase the efficacy of mental health therapy. Symptoms of borderline personality often appear and can create significant problems in the following areas: 2. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. This neurotransmitter is thought to have a positive impact on mood, sleep, and emotion regulation, among other functions. Episodes of intentional or accidental self-harm often lead to hospital admissions, where a full assessment reveals that a person has BPD. Evidence that sleep deprivation downregulates dopamine D2R in ventral striatum in the human brain. Two that have been studied in BPD are: MAOIs are not the first choice of treatment for depression. BPD is often inherited (passed through families), which means you have an increased risk of developing the condition if you have a family history of BPD. FOIA More research will be helpful in elucidating this connection. Overall, it's hard to say at this time how critical dopamine is in the development or course of BPD. Meta-analyses of mood stabilizers, antidepressants and antipsychotics in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: effectiveness for depression and anger symptoms, Borderline personality disorder: current drug treatments and future prospects. . Front Behav Neurosci. The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is made only when a person has had many of these symptoms, they are severe in degree, and they are long-lasting. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. Research shows that any integrated treatment approach leads to better outcomes for people with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders. Often called "the feel-good hormone," dopamineis involved in reward, motivation, and addiction. Borderline Personality Disorder & Addiction. Accessed March 19, 2019. MeSH Tolerance, where intoxication requires considerably greater amounts of the stimulant. A common misconception aboutpersonality disordersis that substance use or other adult behaviors can cause them. By addressing BPD and substance use disorders at the same time, people avoid regressing in one area of treatment while making progress in another. Find a therapist who can help with substance abuse. Borderline personality disorder is relatively rare. Those with BPD experience a distorted perception of themselves and reality, in general. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect millions of Americans every year. Epidemiology of DSM-5 Drug Use Disorder:[]lated Conditions-III. JAMA Psychiatry, January 2016. The frequent co-occurrence of borderline personality disorder withsubstance use disorders, such asamphetamine addiction, can make symptoms worse and treatment more difficult. 633 Umatilla Blvd People with BPD who are prescribed Adderall for co-occurring ADHD may start using it in larger amounts than intended and become addicted. J Neurosci. FOIA Borderline personality disorder symptoms include: Rapid changes in mood Intense emotional reactivity Self-destructive and high-risk behavior, including self-harm and suicide attempts Interpersonal difficulties Chronic feelings of emptiness An unstable sense of self Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Addition of methylphenidate to intensive dialectical behaviour therapy for patients suffering from comorbid borderline personality disorder and ADHD: a naturalistic study. (See also Overview of Personality Disorders .) 2018;(2):CD012956. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition that affects an individual's pattern of moods, self-image, and behavior. Over time, symptoms usually decrease and may go away completely. This support can prevent people from resuming Adderall use while engaging in emotional challenges in therapy, like exploring past traumas. Borderline Personality Disorder and Comorbid Addiction. National Center for Biotechnology Information, April 18, 2014. Dopamine rewards you whenever you engage in a beneficial behavior and motivates you to repeat the behavior. The family members and loved ones of people with borderline personality disorder often experience stress, depression, grief and isolation. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Choose a different therapist from the person your loved one is seeing. Besides medication, there are other borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatments available in the form of talk therapy. 2019 Nov 8;15:3115-3129. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S192871. Its important to note that this age reflects only those in treatment, not the overall population of people taking prescribed stimulants. Several studies have shown that the use of stimulants by people without ADD or ADHD does not generally enhance cognitive abilities. We therefore assessed the efficacy of a single dose of MPH on cognitive functions and decision making in patients with BPD. If you or someone you know is in immediate distress or thinking about hurting themselves, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline toll-free at 1.800.273.TALK (8255). Would you like email updates of new search results? Treatment may include psychotherapy (talk therapy), medications or both. Patients completed the following forms upon admission and after 1 month of treatment: the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v.1.1), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-10), the State-Trait Anger Expression (STAXI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. It remains a popular and effective intervention for BPD and has also been found to be an excellent intervention for a range of trauma-related disorders. Top-Down Dysregulation-From ADHD to Emotional Instability. Approximately 30 percent of people with adult ADHD have BPD, and about 20 percent of people with BPD have adult ADHD. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The information we provide is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Moukhtarian TR, Mintah RS, Moran P, Asherson P. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. ADHD medications are either stimulants or non-stimulants. 1999 May;38(5):578-86. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199905000-00020. Methylphenidate in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders. Without treatment, people with borderline personality disorder have an increased risk of the following: The risk of suicide in people with BPD is 40 times that of the general population. These medications also come with side effects. People with BPD also have high rates ofnon-suicidal self-injuryand accidental injury from high-risk behavior. (See also Overview of Personality Disorders .) Withdrawal, as shown by one of the following: Symptoms of withdrawal diminish as a result of the use of the stimulant (or similar substances), Stimulant drugs are classified as controlled substances because they have a high potential for, Stimulant addiction treatment involves non-confrontational behavioral counseling that provides general information about the addiction process and specifics about the individual treatment plan. PMC Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Pharmacological interventions for people with borderline personality disorder. 2011;31(4):489-496. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182217a69. However, cocaine can also . Dialogues Clin Neurosci. This mainly stems from studies that support dopamine's role in thinking, regulating emotions, and impulse control, all of which are impaired in people with BPD. Know that the right drug regimen can make a major difference. borderline personality disorder . Careers. Aoki Y, Yaju Y, Utsumi T, Sanyaolu L, Storm M, Takaesu Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe N, Duncan E, Edwards AG. Shared decision-making interventions for people with mental health conditions. Personal medical history and family medical history, especially histories of mental health conditions. Lorazepam (ativan). Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)is one of the most effective therapies for borderline personality disorder withco-occurring substance use disorders. These medications are also linked to significant drug interactions and can potentially trigger high blood pressure if certain dietary restrictions are not observed. In some cases, antipsychotics have been associated with worsened BPD symptoms. Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT) began as a way to help manage crisis behavior, such as suicidal behavior or self-harm. Before Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This is why stimulants are controlled substances. 1999. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The risk of suicide in people with BPD is almost50 timesgreater than that of the general population. Integrated treatment can help people improve their emotional and attentional self-regulation skills, control cravings to use substances and experience a better quality of life. As such, they may be prescribed anti-anxiety medications called anxiolytics. . Abuse of Amphetamines and Structural Abnormalities in Brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, October, 2008. Ilieva, I., Boland, J., & Farah, M. J. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Differential effectiveness of antipsychotics in borderline personality disorder: meta-analyses of placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials on symptomatic outcome domains. Bupropion, commonly used as an anti-depressant, has shown mixed results in treating stimulant-related disorders in clinical trials. While atypical antipsychotics can be used to treat impulsive aggression and improve affective instability, psychosis, and interpersonal dysfunction in BPD, the long-term risks vs. benefits of this drug class for people with BPD are not clear. Do Amphetamines Affect Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms? F60.3 - Borderline personality disorder . Some researchers believe that dopamine dysfunction may be involved in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). While SSRIs work primarily by increasing serotonin levels (important for mood management), MAOIs work by blocking several other neurotransmitters. Chronic constipation: improved understanding offers a new therapeutic approach. American Psychiatric Association. The United States designated amphetamines a controlled substance in 1971, under the Controlled Substances Act. The 4 Types of Cluster B Personality Disorders, Causes of Borderline Personality Disorder, borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatments, Pharmacological interventions for people with borderline personality disorder, Psychopharmacologic treatment of borderline personality disorder. Prescribed amphetamine medications may also impact borderline personality disorder symptoms. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Are there other borderline personality disorder treatments? They have a higher risk of suicide and self-destructive behavior. Symptoms shared between the two disorders, 5 World-Famous Artists and Their Drugs of Choice, Adderall Psychosis and Paranoia: Signs, Symptoms, and Risks, Adderall Abuse Signs, Symptoms, & Side Effects, Adderall and Depression: How Adderall Affects Depression, Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and []d Related Conditions, Integrated Treatment of Substance Use an[]sychiatric Disorders, The prevalence and correlates of adult A[]y Survey Replication, Borderline Personality Disorder and Comorbid Addiction, Common ground in Attention Deficit Hyper[]w of recent findings, Remission Common in BPD, but Good Functioning Lags, Emotion dysregulation in attention-defic[]personality disorder, Differential diagnosis, comorbidity, and[]y disorder in adults. Accessed May 19, 2019. 2017;20(12):1036-1046. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx056, Chen T, Wang Y, Zhang J, et al. Most personality disorders begin in the teen years when your personality further develops and matures. Meta-analyses of mood stabilizers, antidepressants and antipsychotics in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: effectiveness for depression and anger symptoms. The site is secure. However, few studies have examined how comorbid BPD-ADHD patients, treated or not with methylphenidate (MPH), respond to psychotherapy compared to non-comorbid BPD patients. Dopamine and serotonin are brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, that send signals to and from nerve cells. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Stimulant intoxication is diagnosed when recent exposure to a stimulant causes significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes. Medications can treat anxiety and depression, regulate mood swings or help control impulsive behavior. Pharmacotherapy for stimulant-related disorders. Studies show significant overlap between both of these groups. Borderline personality disorder therapytypically involves helping people regulate their emotions and impulses using psychotherapy. If you know someone who lives with borderline personality disorder, here are some ways you can help them: People with BPD have a significantly higher rate of self-harming and suicidal behavior than the general population. Diagnosis is by clinical criteria. J Physiol. Accessed June 5, 2019. December 2001. Borderline personality disorder is a mental health disorder that impacts the way you think and feel about yourself and others, causing problems functioning in everyday life. Can Amphetamines Cause Borderline Personality Disorder? Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. Manypeople with BPDare not diagnosed with the disorder until they are hospitalized during or after a crisis. 1 These psychiatric pharmaceutical medications are increasingly prescribed for people with BPD, although psychotherapy is still considered the most important form of treatment. government site. Accessed June 17, 2019. Healthcare providers believe BPD results from a combination of factors, including: Personality continues to evolve throughout child and adolescent development. The Recovery Village aims to improve the quality of life for people struggling with substance use or mental health disorder with fact-based content about the nature of behavioral health conditions, treatment options and their related outcomes. 2009;23(2):156-174. doi:10.1521/pedi.2009.23.2.156.x. Immediate-release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Schizotypal personality disorder (StPD or SPD), also known as schizotypal disorder, is a Cluster A Personality disorder. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. BPD-ADHD patients who were undergoing MPH treatment showed a significantly improved response to DBT treatment for Trait-State Anger scores, motor impulsiveness, depression severity, and ADHD severity, when compared to those without stimulant medication. Borderline personality disorder is similar to bipolar disorder in many ways, and can therefore be difficult to diagnose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. (2013). The prevalence and correlates of adult A[]y Survey Replication. National Center for Biotechnology Information, April 26, 2010. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. The 2 Most Psychologically Incisive Films of 2022, The Surprising Role of Empathy in Traumatic Bonding. Unfortunately, theres no way to prevent borderline personality disorder. Bookshelf Diagnosis is by clinical criteria. We can help answer your questions and talk through any concerns. Thus, amphetamine use in children and young adults may cause more pronounced brain changes and impact the development of borderline personality disorder later in life. eCollection 2016. People with BPD have extreme mood swings, unstable relationships and trouble controlling their emotions. Asherson P, Young AH, Eich-Hchli D, Moran P, Porsdal V, Deberdt W. Curr Med Res Opin. 2021 Jul 6;8(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40479-021-00162-w. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. National Alliance on Mental Health. People who participate in dialectical behavior therapy for substance use disorders (DBT-SUD) learn standard DBT skills along with skills to help them cope with cravings and triggers to use substances. Harvard Health Publishing. Accessed March 19, 2019. When they are not given the correct diagnosis, they may receive treatment that makes BPD symptoms worse. Through multiple sessions, DBT is intended to improve: A specific form of DBT, DBT-SUD, was developed specifically for the treatment of substance use disorders (sometimes called SUDs) such as amphetamine addiction. Family history: Genetic factors can also help differentiate the two. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-18. Since these symptoms characterize borderline personality disorder, amphetamine use may contribute to the development of BPD. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and []d Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, April 2008. For those unofficially diagnosed with BPD, intelligence, success, and independence can make it difficult for others to understand how individuals with BPD can go from mature and stable to. In DBT, people learn skills to improve their functioning in four areas: emotional regulation, distress tolerance, impulse control and interpersonal effectiveness. 2015;21(23):3359-66. doi: 10.2174/1381612821666150619093254. Mandali A, Sethi A, Cercignani M, Harrison NA, Voon V. Transl Psychiatry. Talk therapy is the main treatment for BPD. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability and hypersensitivity in interpersonal relationships, instability in self-image, extreme mood fluctuations, and impulsivity. Mood stabilizers for borderline personality disorder (BPD) can be effective in reducing BPD symptoms, particularly emotion dysregulation and impulsivity symptoms. We conclude that MPH may improve decision making in patients with BPD, although this effect is mediated by the level of ADHD symptoms. Mood disorders, like bipolar, are more likely to be passed down through family members than borderline personality disorder. A representative can tell you more about facilities with integrated treatment options that can help you on your path to recovery. For example, stimulant medications likeAdderallare an effective and populartreatment for ADHDthat can cause adverse reactions in people with BPD. National Library of Medicine 2008 Jul;23(4):228-31. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e3282f94ae2. When they do seek help, its often due to conditions such as anxiety or depression as a result of the problems created by their personality disorder, such as divorce or lost relationships, not the disorder itself. Olabi B, Hall J. Borderline personality disorder: current drug treatments and future prospects. The information we provide is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Accessed March 19, 2019. Borderline personality disorder is not caused by cocaine use, but symptoms can worsen when someone with BPD abuses substances like cocaine. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)was specifically developed for the treatment of BPD. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. Whilemisusing Adderallcant cause BPD, it can make the symptoms of the condition more severe. Dopamine plays a role in many important physical functions in the body, including: Dopamine has an important role in mental function and emotional response, including impulse control and mood regulation. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. An official website of the United States government. This article looks at the four classes of drugs commonly used in people with BPD as well as novel BPD medications currently under investigation. 2021. In some cases, it can also improve anxiety. The Recovery Village aims to improve the quality of life for people struggling with substance use or mental health disorder with fact-based content about the nature of behavioral health conditions, treatment options and their related outcomes. For example,studies demonstratethat amphetamine use can cause structural brain abnormalities and lead to changes in how the brain responds to the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. This chemical messenger is also involved in the coordination of body movements. Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. As recognition of the drugs effects on vigilance became better understood, amphetamines and methamphetamines were used by militaries, most notably during World War II. Certain medications that impact dopamine function are sometimes used to treat BED. If a person with borderline personality disorder is prescribed amphetamines to treat ADHD, they may experience more severe symptoms, including: Amphetamines must be carefully prescribed to people with borderline personality disorder, and treatment for amphetamine addiction is critical to prevent severe complications. Heal, David; Smith, Sharon; Gosden, Jane; Nutt, David. Legal and financial problems are also common. Long-term use is associated with sleep issues, memory issues, emotional dysregulation, and dependence. in Biochemistry from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, and her Ph.D. in Immunology from UC Davis, where her thesis focused on immune modulation in childhood asthma. Stimulant-related disorders affect all racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, age, and gender groups. Stimulant addiction treatment involves non-confrontational behavioral counseling that provides general information about the addiction process and specifics about the individual treatment plan. Rockville MD. But in some cases, a psychiatrist may recommend medications to treat specific symptoms or co-occurring mental health conditions. People with BPD who are thinking of harming themselves or attempting suicide need help right away. Borderline personality disorder symptomsinclude: Since borderline personality disorder involves difficulties with emotional regulation andimpulse control, the use of medications that also impact emotions and decision making can worsen symptoms. Our facilitiesserve communities from Florida to Washington, specializing in a range of addiction recovery services. F60.1 - Schizoid personality disorder . Some people begin using stimulants to lose weight, to try to improve in school, or to improve performance in athletic activities. Self-harm and suicidal tendencies and attempts are part of the diagnosis criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Smart drugs: A dose of intelligence. Compared with SSRIs, MAOIs have more side effects, which include dry mouth, drowsiness, insomnia, dizziness, and lightheadedness. 1 ADHD is a condition that is present since childhood; it involves symptoms relating to excessive attention challenges, excessive hyperactivity, or both, which can also lead to impulsivity. Related Topic:Treatment for ADHD and PTSD combined. Accessed June 5, 2019. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. For example, mental health treatment can temporarily heighten stress and discomfort as people examine emotionally provocative issues. You deserve a healthier future; call today. Also, antipsychotic medicationsseem to reduce some BPD symptoms, especially those of anger and cognitive problems (like paranoid thinking). Common ground in Attention Deficit Hyper[]w of recent findings. National Center for Biotechnology Information, April 10, 2014. 2016 May 23;10:70. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00070. and transmitted securely. Research shows that DBT-SUD improves outcomes in recovery from both BPD and substance use disorders. Disclaimer. Essentially, DBT helps people with borderline personality disorder to become more aware of their emotions and learn how to control them. Many people who live with borderline personality disorder don't know they have it and may not realize theres a healthier way to behave and relate to others. . Many parents are concerned that their children could become dependent on their ADHD medication (Ritalin, Adderall, and Vyvanse, each of which are made with different forms of amphetamine salts, are the most common). That being said, other experts argue that the manner in which antipsychotics benefit patients with BPD is through non-dopamine pathways. At baseline, comorbid BPD-ADHD patients showed significantly higher impulsiveness than BPD patients. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) revisited - a review-update on common grounds and subtle distinctions. If you are having suicidal thoughts, dial 988 to contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline and connect with a trained counselor. Only a medical professional can diagnose a dopamine-related disorder, so if you think that you or someone you love is experiencing low or high levels of dopamine, it's important to schedule a visit with a qualified health care provider. As their name implies, MAOIs inhibit the monoamine oxidase enzyme from breaking down neurotransmitters in the brain, namely norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Borderline personality disorder(BPD) and adultattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) affect millions of Americans every year.
How Much Does A Cfl General Manager Make,
House Fire Brisbane Today,
Community Fibre Cgnat,
Boston Convention Center South Parking Lot,
Snoop Dogg Jacket In Corona Commercial,
Articles B
