Minoan Goddess. Apollo adopted Carnus, the abandoned son of Zeus and Europa. The Dolphin is an animal which is sacred to Dionysus and Apollo. [360] Eusebius wrote that the second appearance of the moon is held sacred in the city of Apollo in Egypt and that the city's symbol is a man with a hawklike face (Horus). The Muses and Athena sniggered at this comment. He then gave it to Sleep (Hypnos) and Death (Thanatos). [363][364], The earliest examples of life-sized statues of Apollo may be two figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos. Lyre, the string instrument, is the main Apollo symbol while bows and laurel wreathes are among the other symbols of Apollo. The order was almost abandoned for the Ionic order, but the Ionic capital also posed an insoluble problem at the corner of a temple. His domestic actions caused embarrassment to his family. Hermes' lyre, therefore, would be a reinvention.[198]. By their union, she became mother of Chaeron, who was famed as "the tamer of horses". He says that the matter should be brought before Athena. [184], Immediately after his birth, Apollo demanded a lyre and invented the paean, thus becoming the god of music. Shamanistic elements in Apollo's cult are often liked to his Hyperborean origin, and he is likewise speculated to have originated as a solar shaman. Many temples were dedicated to Apollo in Greece and the Greek colonies. [242] The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly. It was present in the sanctuary of Apollo Leukates. Temple of Apollo Pythios Sotir, 1800-year-old stele on way back from Italy after 23 years, Slab with marching ancient Greek warriors discovered at Apollo temples on ancient black sea island in Bulgaria's Sozopol, A topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome, "New find at Mdina most important so far in old capital", Realencyclopdie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, "APOLLO, THE YOUNG, AND THE CITY - KEY THEMES - Apollo - Fritz Graf", "Mosaics in Tunisia: Apollo and the Muses", "Cygnus X-1 Book Two: Hemispheres Lyrics | Rush.com", "Trials of Apollo: The Dark Prophecy release date, synopsis", "Dionysus in Nietzsche and Greek Myth by Gwendolyn Toynton", Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Like other Greek deities, he had a number of others applied to him, reflecting the variety of roles, duties, and aspects ascribed to the god. [340] Apollo was sometimes called the son of Athena and Hephaestus. This is the Greek ideal of moderation and a virtue that opposes gluttony. This island was renamed "Anaphe", which means "He revealed it". Artemis Daphnaia had her temple among the Lacedemonians, at a place called Hypsoi. [148] The swans, which were considered to be the most musical among the birds, were believed to be the "singers of Apollo". Zeus had turned all the people of Thebes to stone and so no one buried the Niobids until the ninth day after their death, when the gods themselves entombed them. At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of the monstrous serpent Python. When Iamus reached the age of education, Apollo took him to Olympia and taught him many arts, including the ability to understand and explain the languages of birds. Many of these. What is Apollo's most sacred animal? Perhaps, the most well-known symbol of Apollo is his lyre. , Adored for their beautiful appearance with vibrant colors worldwide, koi , In todays post we will discuss the seven deadly sins, , Some of the most difficult butterflies to view in the , Todays post is about Zeus, one of the most important , In todays post, we will be discussing symbols of patience , While the red rose is the most common and popular . In one version of the prophet Tiresias's origins, he was originally a woman who promised Apollo to sleep with him if he would give her music lessons. 8.) He fathered the Corybantes by the Muse Thalia,[234] Orpheus by Calliope, Linus of Thrace by Calliope or Urania and Hymenaios (Hymen) by one of the Muses. The deer that pulled her chariot were the first animals she captured and the entire species was loved by the goddess. To thank him, the shepherd built Apollo a temple under the name Vulturius. Aplu, meaning the son of, was a title given to the god Nergal, who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash. Pindar's Paeans: A Reading of the Fragments with a Survey of the Genre, The Uses of Greek Mythology By Ken Dowden, Benjamin Acosta-Hughes, Luigi Lehnus, Susan Stephens -, Apollonius Rhodius. Apollo's Sacred Animals And Plants Ravens, wolves, dolphins and swans were known as his sacred animals while larkspurs, cypress trees and laurels were Apollo's sacred plants. [175] When the work was completed, three snakes rushed against the wall, and though the two that attacked the sections of the wall built by the gods fell down dead, the third forced its way into the city through the portion of the wall built by Aeacus. However, a number of men would be stationed all around below rock to catch the criminal and take him out of the borders in order to exile him from the island. The fate of Niobe was prophesied by Apollo while he was still in Leto's womb. Python, a chthonic serpent-dragon, was a child of Gaia and the guardian of the Delphic Oracle, whose death was foretold by Apollo when he was still in Leto's womb. He pushed the Greeks back and destroyed many of the soldiers. Each human being was completely round, with four arms and fours legs, two identical faces on opposite sides of a head with four ears, and all else to match. The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The day of Apollos birth was believed to have been the seventh of the month, whence he is called hebdomagens. In this interpretation, Apollo's title of Lykegenes can simply be read as "born in Lycia", which effectively severs the god's supposed link with wolves (possibly a folk etymology). She displayed hubris when she boasted that she was superior to Leto because she had fourteen children (Niobids), seven male and seven female, while Leto had only two. In anger, Heracles snatched the sacred tripod and started walking away, intending to start his own oracle. Aphrodite was furious with King Glaucus of Corinth as he did not appreciate her beauty. [379], Apollo has appeared in many modern video games. Castalia was a nymph whom Apollo loved. But he made sure to leave a few wrinkles on the abdomen and around the navel so that they might be reminded of their punishment.[181]. When Chloris married and had children, Apollo granted her son Nestor the years he had taken away from the Niobids. While pregnant with Asclepius, Coronis fell in love with Ischys, son of Elatus and slept with him. [162] After the servitude was over, as per his father's order, he travelled to the Vale of Tempe to bath in waters of Peneus. Animals sacred to Apollo included wolves, dolphins, roe deer, swans, cicadas (symbolizing music and song), hawks, ravens, crows, snakes (referencing Apollo's function as the god of prophecy), mice and griffins, mythical eagle-lion hybrids of Eastern origin. [93] Lycia was sacred to the god, for this Apollo was also called Lycian. Dionysus caused ivy to grow all over the ship and he turned all the pirates (with the exception of the helmsman) into Dolphins. Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History Book 4 (summary from Photius, Myriobiblon 190), Thus scholia on Paus. They attempted to storm Mt. [143][144] This island became sacred to Apollo and was one of the major cult centres of the god. St. Michael: FEATURES OF THE SACRED CHURCHES OF MUNICH - See 554 traveler reviews, 571 candid photos, and great deals for Munich, Germany, at Tripadvisor. Apollo's Sacred Animals. What Are The Sacred Animals Of Apollo/Apollon? He had found an aulos on the ground, tossed away after being invented by Athena because it made her cheeks puffy. [349][344], After the battle of Actium, which was fought near a sanctuary of Apollo, Augustus enlarged Apollo's temple, dedicated a portion of the spoils to him, and instituted quinquennial games in his honour. [216] He taught Aristaeus more useful healing arts and sent him back to help the army of Dionysus. Apollo - Greek god of archery, music, light, and prophecy. [188], Among the Pythagoreans, the study of mathematics and music were connected to the worship of Apollo, their principal deity. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. - Asklepios: Son of Apollo; the doctor God (human loving god). [344], The palm tree was also sacred to Apollo because he had been born under one in Delos. For this reason, he was called Homopolon before the Homo was replaced by A. Her tears formed the river Achelous. The Greek god of the sun, like all the other gods and goddesses in Greek mythology, had several symbols representing him. Apollo's birth fixed the floating Delos to the earth. On the other hand, Apollo also encouraged founding new towns and establishment of civil constitution. When Niobe - a mother of six boys and as many girls - boasted that while Leto gave birth to two gods, she delivered a whole Olympus, Apollo and Artemis killed all her children. He is described as "the rouser of armies" because he rallied the Trojan army when they were falling apart. "As he [Zeus] cut them one after another, he bade Apollo give the face and the half of the neck a turn Apollo was also bidden to heal their wounds and compose their forms. Since Apollo was the god of healing, he performed purification ceremonies for mortals who had committed immoral acts. The leaves became the symbol of victory and laurel wreaths were given to the victors of the Pythian games. Offerings - Narcissus flowers . This is why Apollo's most important name in the Cretan legends is Delphinius and his hereditary priests and priestesses of Pythia are the true oracles of Delphi. When Admetus angered the goddess Artemis by forgetting to give her the due offerings, Apollo came to the rescue and calmed his sister. The lyre is a common attribute of Apollo. a. Angered by this, Apollo shot arrows infected with the plague into the Greek encampment. [137] Since it was neither a mainland nor an island, Leto was readily welcomed there and gave birth to her children under a palm tree. All the goddesses except Hera were present to witness the event. It was in this way that Apollo had become recognized as the god of music. For the spaceflight program, see, "Phoebus" redirects here. Apollo is the god who affords help and wards off evil; various epithets call him the "averter of evil". Apollo's role as the slayer of the Python led to his association with battle and victory; hence it became the Roman custom for a paean to be sung by an army on the march and before entering into battle, when a fleet left the harbour, and also after a victory had been won. In order to disguise his tracks he made shoes of bark and he drove the cows backwards through traversing sandy places so that the hoof prints would disappear. Apollo spent the winter months among the Hyperboreans. Though he greatly favored the Trojans, Apollo was bound to follow the orders of Zeus and served his father loyally during the war. Alternatively, you can browse all our pieces on Greek god symbols here, or Greek symbols/letters here. The seventh and twentieth, the days of the new and full moon, were ever afterwards held sacred to him. The Hyperboreans always sang and danced in his honor and hosted Pythian games. It is the only surviving large-scale Peloponnesian statue.[366]. Symbols of Friendship: The List of Modern And Ancient Friendship Symbols. His attributes are his manly beauty and physique of near perfect form. Angered by the unpaid labour and the insults, Apollo infected the city with a pestilence and Posedion sent the sea monster Cetus. [384] Psychologist Carl Jung's Apollo archetype represents what he saw as the disposition in people to over-intellectualise and maintain emotional distance.[385]. they followed the beast and found the sacred gold. She did so and was freed from her love. She bore him a son, Iamos. Seen as the most beautiful god and the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). Apollo shone so brightly he overshadowed Helios the Sun God, and eventually became known as a Sun God in his own right. In. Ileus was very dear to Apollo. Martin Nilsson (1967) Vol I, pp. Bresson (2007) 154-5, citing the excavations reports of zgnel (2001). She fled from him and dove into the spring at Delphi, at the base of Mt. He is associated with dominion over colonists. Apollo brought him up and educated him in mantic arts. The bad news brought by the bird was that of the infidelity of his lover Coronis who, pregnant with Asclepius, fell in love and slept with Ischys. Here is everything you need to know about Apollo, also known as Apollon, his family tree, symbols, sacred animals, and plants. ThoughtCo, Sep. 7, 2021, thoughtco.com/apollo-god-symbols-117070. He immediately set out in pursuit of the serpent that Hera had sent to torment his mother, Leto. Molpadia's name was changed to Hemithea upon her deification. After watching The Killing of a Sacred Deer, Yorgos Lanthimos's brilliant follow-up to his critically beloved and surprisingly lucrative The Lobster, you may have some questions. [84] However, while usually Greek festivals were celebrated at the full moon, all the feasts of Apollo were celebrated at the seventh day of the month, and the emphasis given to that day (sibutu) indicates a Babylonian origin.[85]. Heartbroken, Aphrodite wandered looking for the rock of Leukas. In the Great Eoiae that is attributed to Hesoid, Scylla is the daughter of Apollo and Hecate.[235]. But Apollo soon repented and being distressed at what he had done, he tore the strings of his lyre and threw it away. For other uses, see, God of oracles, healing, archery, music and arts, sunlight, knowledge, herds and flocks, and protection of the young, Krauskopf, I. A mushroom is highlighted as a special ingredient to be added along with other plants to the mixing of a pithos of wine. They both united on the day the walls of Troy were built. His descendants, the Branchides, were an influential clan of prophets. After he was freed from his servitude to Eurystheus, Heracles fell in conflict with Iphytus, a prince of Oechalia, and murdered him. He presided over their passage into adulthood. Thanks for reading with us! Apollo fathered 3 daughters, Apollonis, Borysthenis and Cephisso, who formed a group of minor Muses, the "Musa Apollonides". She is also described in Greek mythology as "Goddess of the night", "Lady of the Beast", "Woodland Goddess" and "Phoebe," which translates as the bright one. They were powerful and unruly. Apollon (Ancient Greek: ), known in Latin as Apollo, is the son of Zeus and Leto. [138] Zeus, who had calmed Hera by then, came and adorned his son with a golden headband.[141][142]. In the traditionally Celtic lands, he was most often seen as a healing and sun god. But Apollo was also the wolf-slayer in his role as the god who protected flocks from predators. He reprimanded Heracles for this act of violation and asked Apollo to give a solution to Heracles. Apollo gives an order through the Oracle at Delphi that Agamemnon's son, Orestes, is to kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, her lover. Symbols of the Greek God Apollo. Online version at the Topos Text Project. [74] However it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. They invade his temple, and he drives them away. Hence, Apollo then became the master of the lyre. The son of Zeus and Hera, he was depicted as a beardless youth, either nude with a helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior. The gods Athena and Ares came to the battlefield and took sides. "Tikal: Sacred Architecture . Apollo Symbol List What Are The Symbols of Apollo? When Hermes acted innocent, Apollo took the matter to Zeus. Apollo functions as the patron and protector of sailors, one of the duties he shares with Poseidon. So Apollo gave a turn to the face and pulled the skin from the sides all over that which in our language is called the belly, like the purses which draw in, and he made one mouth at the centre [of the belly] which he fastened in a knot (the same which is called the navel); he also moulded the breast and took out most of the wrinkles, much as a shoemaker might smooth leather upon a last; he left a few wrinkles, however, in the region of the belly and navel, as a memorial of the primeval state. So to the god they dedicated a bronze wolf. De Agostini / G. Nimatallah / Getty Images, Tomisti / Wikimedia Commons/ CC BY-SA 3.0. Hyperborea, the mystical land of eternal spring, venerated Apollo above all the gods. Apollo appears as a minor character in Santa Monica Studio's 2010 action-adventure game God of War III with his bow being used by Peirithous. He captured the old people and children and sent them to his army to hold them for ransom. Julian the Apostate (359361) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."[9]. The name of the goddess, Nyx (in ancient Greek: N, Nx, "night"), describes how the dark light, which she embodies, falls from the stars and imposes itself on men and gods. Apollo also renamed him as Heracles. In the Iliad, Apollo is the healer under the gods, but he is also the bringer of disease and death with his arrows, similar to the function of the Vedic god of disease Rudra. He was often depicted as a beardless young man with a halo above his head or wearing a laurel crown in memory of his lost love, Daphne. [151][152] Shamans like Abaris and Aristeas were also the followers of Apollo, who hailed from Hyperborea. The mountain-god Tmolus was chosen to umpire. This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 21:45. Zeus considered Apollo's words and agreed to let him live. A divinity beyond human comprehension, he appears both as a beneficial and a wrathful god. iv. He demanded that they return the girl, and the Achaeans (Greeks) complied, indirectly causing the anger of Achilles, which is the theme of the Iliad. Purified, Apollo was escorted by his half sister Athena to Delphi where the oracular shrine was finally handed over to him by Gaia. In North-Europe they speak of the ", Martin Nilsson (1967), Vol I, pp. One of Apollo's more importaint daily tasks is to harness his chariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. "Sminthia" in several areas of Greece. The laurel wreath that Apollo wears is a symbol of victory and honor, which was used in Greek times to identify the victors in athletic competitions, including the Olympics. Apollo promises to protect Orestes, as Orestes has become Apollo's supplicant. The lyre was later discovered by the Muses and Apollo's sons Linus and Orpheus. His oracular shrine in Abae in Phocis, where he bore the toponymic epithet Abaeus ( , Apollon Abaios), was important enough to be consulted by Croesus. Hecate is the goddess of crossroads and Apollo is the god and protector of streets.[338]. 6, with reference to. When Apollo chased her in order to persuade her, she changed herself into a laurel tree. Apollo helped many Trojan warriors, including Agenor, Polydamas, Glaucus in the battlefield. Apollo turned Parthenos into a constellation after her early death. He shook his locks of hair, put an end to the night voices, and took away from mortals the truth that appears in darkness, and gave the privilege back again to Loxias. Then, Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. "[12][13] Apella () is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[12] corresponding to the ecclesia (). According to other versions, Apollo had invented the lyre himself, whose strings he tore in repenting of the excess punishment he had given to Marsyas. Consequently, numerous dolphins surrounded the ship and when Arion jumped into the water, the dolphins carried him away safely. What Are The Sacred Animals Of Apollo/Apollon? While they were asleep, the wine jar was broken by the swines their family kept. Zeus, having seen the events, sided with Apollo, and ordered Hermes to return the cattle. The statues of Apollo embody beauty, balance and inspire awe before the beauty of the world. Apollo raised and educated the child on his own. It was a custom for boys to cut and dedicate their long hair to Apollo after reaching adulthood. [68] Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo and afterwards to other gods: to Dionysus, to Apollo Helios, to Apollo's son Asclepius the healer. [221] According to another tale, Apollo killed them by sending a deer between them; as they tried to kill it with their javelins, they accidentally stabbed each other and died. delian apollo sacred number is 7, because he teaches us to musicify everything there is a pythian apollo and a hyperborean one with different sacred numbers, i will not tell them to you because you must find them herme;s sacred number is explained by his speciality. The spelling (pronounced[a.pl.ln] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form, Apellon (), is more archaic, as it is derived from an earlier *j. During the war between the sons of Oedipus, Apollo favored Amphiaraus, a seer and one of the leaders in the war. His body is fair from head to foot, his limbs shine bright, his tongue gives oracles, and he is equally eloquent in prose or verse, propose which you will. Apollo is usually described as carrying a silver or golden bow and a quiver of silver or golden arrows. Parnassos, which was then named after her. A war broke out between the Brygoi and the Thesprotians, who had the support of Odysseus. In later writers, the word, "paion", usually spelled "Paean", becomes a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of healing. Daphne was a nymph who scorned Apollo's advances and ran away from him. [64][65][66] Paean was the personification of holy songs sung by "seer-doctors" (), which were supposed to cure disease.[67]. Coronis was daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths. This led Marsyas to think that he was better than Apollo, and he challenged the god to a musical contest. Additionally, Apollo fostered and educated Chiron, the centaur who later became the greatest teacher and educated many demigods, including Apollo's sons. Impressively, Apollo defeated the mighty Python at just four days old. [17] In the ancient Macedonian language (pella) means "stone,"[18] and some toponyms may be derived from this word: (Pella,[19] the capital of ancient Macedonia) and (Pelln/Pellene).[20]. Apollo was born on the seventh day (, hebdomagenes)[145] of the month Thargelionaccording to Delian traditionor of the month Bysiosaccording to Delphian tradition. After the end of the war, Apollo and Poseidon together cleaned the remains of the city and the camps. Since he learnt the art of building when young, he later came to be known as Archegetes, the founder (of towns) and god who guided men to build new cities. He wished to plunder Delphi for its wealth. As he was known as the god of oracles and prophecy, he was believed to play a powerful role in shaping the course of events in ancient Greece. Apollo killed the giants Python and Tityos, who had assaulted his mother Leto. [80], Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans, during the Trojan War. Tiger. Pepin, Ronald E. (2008). However, the king not only refused to give the gods the wages he had promised, but also threatened to bind their feet and hands, and sell them as slaves. Perhaps, the most well-known symbol of Apollo is his lyre. The ancient Greeks believed that Mercury as observed during the morning was a different planet than the one during the evening, because each twilight Mercury would appear farther from the Sun as it set than it had the night before. While none of the Greek originals have survived, several Roman copies from approximately the late 1st or early 2nd century exist. Areas of Influence: Artemis is known as the Greek Goddess of the hunt, nature and birth. At last when the moment of departure came, Apollo expressed his grief with tears in his eyes and bid farewell to Amphiaraus, who was soon engulfed by the Earth.[217]. He would also make cheese and serve it to Admetus. Apollo is an important pastoral deity, and was the patron of herdsmen and shepherds. [29][30], Apollo was worshipped throughout the Roman Empire. Hera is the eldest daughter of the titans, Cronus and Rhea. [245], Admetus, the king of Pherae, was also Apollo's lover. [citation needed]. Apollo played a pivotal role in the entire Trojan War. However, Apollo did not tolerate this and stopped Heracles; a duel ensued between them. Artemis was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. Since Leto was unable to feed him, Themis, the goddess of divine law, fed him with nectar, or ambrosia. [148] After completing his years of servitude, Apollo went back to Olympus as a god. If you liked reading the piece, you will probably enjoy our post on Artemis symbols here. Even more often than deer, Artemis was seen with her pack of hunting dogs. Sympos. Mertens, Dieter; Schutzenberger, Margareta. [193] In his role as the god of banquets, he was always present to play music in weddings of the gods, like the marriage of Eros and Psyche, Peleus and Thetis. ", For the iconography of the AlexanderHelios type, see H. Hoffmann, 1963. Capercaillie, Golden Eagle and Apollo Butterfly. Once Hera, out of spite, aroused the Titans to war against Zeus and take away his throne. The contest was judged by the Muses, or the nymphs of Nysa. Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, rejected both Apollo's and Poseidon's marriage proposals and swore that she would always stay unmarried. When Apollo found out about her infidelity through his prophetic powers or thanks to his raven who informed him, he sent his sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis. He deflected many spears and arrows away them. Although Sibyl did live an extended life as Apollo had promised, he did not give her agelessness along with it, so she shrivelled and shrank and only her voice remained.[332]. As for her sacred animals, these were the deer, four of which had golden horns and were pulling her golden chariot. "[57], In classical times, his major function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and he was therefore called "apotropaios" (, "averting evil") and "alexikakos" ( "keeping off ill"; from v. + n. C.F.Beck Verlag.Munchen. [63] It is suggested, though unconfirmed, that he is connected to the Mycenaean figure pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: ). To know what a thing is, we must know the look of it": Rhys Carpenter: Rufus B. Richardson, "A Temple in Eretria", See reports of the German Archaeological Institute in Archaeological Reports for 2008/9 43-45. Hare was a sacred animal to both Aphrodite and Eros because it has high amount of libido. The goddess Aphrodite was symbolized by the dove, the god Apollo by the swan, and Zeus by the eagle. Apollo had also once convinced Athena to stop the war for that day, so that the warriors can relieve themselves for a while. Apollo liked cowsbut he liked music more. "Die Geschicte der Giechischen Religion, Vol I." [199] He also further said, 'His [Apollo] hair is smooth and made into tufts and curls that fall about his brow and hang before his face. mouse & Cattle of the Sun. b. Upon tasting the divine food, Apollo broke free of the bands fastened onto him and declared that he would be the master of lyre and archery, and interpret the will of Zeus to humankind. Thus, dolphins are considered to be the brightest of all animals and at the same time aware of the unseen. These animals were considered sacred and worshipped in a wide array of ceremonies and sacrifices. [137] He was washed clean by the goddesses who then covered him in white garment and fastened golden bands around him. The serpent, Python, sought refuge at Delphi. There, he was pegged to the rock floor, covering an area of 9 acres (36,000m2), where a pair of vultures feasted daily on his liver.
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