Date of Death: August 6, 1977. In the 1949 general election, the second under universal adult suffrage, the JLP again won under the leadership of Bustamante. Simultaneously, the unrest gave birth to a political movement and a trade union movement. The voter turnout was 72.9%.[12]. Bustamante and St William Grant addressed workers at rallies in May 1938. One book was Ewart Walters' We Come from Jamaica: The National Movement - 1937-1962, with which I had already tangled in the press over its reported treatment of Alexander Bustamante. Office: He died on September 2, 1969 at the age of 76. These very people through the instrumentality of leaders like Bustmante and Norman Manley finally realised that they could emancipate themselves from their economic and political bondage. Sir Alexander Bustamante. He was the second of five children of the Clarke family. Illness forced Manley to retire from politics in 1969. Bustamante saw the need to organise the Labour Movement in a legal way, and he worked closely to this end with Norman Manley, Noel Nethersole and others who were about to lead a new political movement, the People's National Party (PNP). Terms of Use | Privacy | Contact Us He became the unofficial government leader, representing his party as Minister for Communications. During his life he held many titles and honors, including Honorary Doctor of Laws, lifelong president of the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU), lifelong leader and "chief" of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), mayor of the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation, and the first person to be named a National Hero in Jamaica during his or her own lifetime. He was 93 and was buried in . He was married four times. Jamaica Labour Party. All Rights Reserved. 1 (876) 926-3590-4 In Jamaica the. Nation building was a process of gradually building development institutions. ( m. 1962) . Curacao, N.A. Hon. House members were elected by adult suffrage from single-member electoral districts called constituencies. The labour leader denounced Denham at a meeting attended by over 700 persons at the Parade on May 4, 1938. PleaseClick Here To Share It With Your Friends, Home | JOIN US | Site Search | Have Your Say | Archives | Old Archives | Contact | Disclaimer | TIP ME! Campbell, Horace G. Coral Gardens 1963: The Rastafari and Jamaican Independence,Social and Economic Studies; Mona Vol. Frederic Gomes Cassidy, Robert Brock Le Page. Gladys Longbridge. How Do I protect Myself From Cybercrimes? His first act as prime minister was to complete the first phase of the "mental revolution"the phrase he used in 1938 to describe Jamaica's social upheavalby recommending the appointment of a black man to be the first native born governor general, a role representative of the formal head of state. The 'exploration' was based on two new books. Where is George William Gordon statue located? SIR ALEXANDER BUSTAMANTE 1884-1977 . Small was never able to replicate the success of My Boy Lollipop, scoring only one further chart hit, a 'soundalike' called 'Sweet William'. Sives and Gray date modern Jamaican politics from 1944, losing the crucial context of the 1938 upheavals. The PNP secured a wider margin of victory, taking 29 seats to the JLP's 16. A Rhodes Scholar, Manley became one of Jamaica's leading lawyers in the 1920s. For Authentic Jamaican products, from my very own hands, visit my Etsy store here. When the election was run in December 1944, the JLP won 22 seats in the 32 member House of Representatives; the PNP four seats, and independent candidates, six. Experience The REAL Jamaica!Book Your Private Tour hereand experience Jamaica the way we (locals) do! The course focusses on developing military skills and command with a leadership golden thread. [19] In 1966, an honorary LLD degree was conferred on him by the University of the West Indies. Bustamante was commended in 1955 for his public services in Jamaica. While employers could count upon his sense of fair play, Bustamante was first and foremost a champion of the underdog. Bustamante was aware of the leadership vacancy and he was ready to fill it. Like My Site? ." Back in Jamaica in the mid-thirties his money-lending business prospered, but while it gave him a livelihood it also opened his eyes to the appalling plight of the poor. He agitated for Jamaica to become independent of Great Britain. Under this system, the Governor had, the right to veto at all times, which he very often exercised against the wishes of the majority. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bustamante-alexander. Hon. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. In 1943, labor leader Alexander Bustamante won an electoral victory and established a new, more liberal constitution. Illness forced Bustamante to retire his post in 1967, though he lived another thirty years. He, however, consoled himself that he alone controlled the masses, and if he was tested again there would be great trouble in Jamaica. After that time he was appointed a National Hero. In 1964, he was made a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (PC). He also had two elder sisters, Ida and Daisy Clarke, by a previous marriage of his father. In 1944, Jamaica's first general election was held under Universal Adult Suffrage granted by a new constitution. Restless, Alexander Clarke left Belmont Estate and went to Cuba in 1905. He was the cousin of Alexander Bustamante. The violent labour disturbances during 1938 and his attempts to mediate and bring about a reduction in tension between the parties resulted in Bustamante being projected as the countrys Labour Leader. History Greatest People. and universities. Fixed: Release in which this issue/RFE has been fixed.The release containing this fix may be available for download as an Early Access Release or a General Availability Release. A Jamaican candy, the Bustamante backbone, is named after him. London: Edward Elgar, 1996. Eaton, George E. "Economic Integration between Unequal PartnersThe English Speaking Caribbean (CARICOM)." Eaton, George E. Alexander Bustamante and Modern Jamaica, 2d ed. Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 430. Bust of Sir Alexander Bustamante facing forward. He did not see a bright future for Jamaica as a member of the federation and so announced that he would withdraw Jamaica from the federation when next the JLP won power. Together, they founded a political dynasty, each serving more than once as the head of the government while the other took the role of leader of the opposition. Kingston, Jamaica: Kingston Publishers, 1977. Subscribe for all my updates and don't miss a thing! A patriotic Jamaican who adore its culture, Wellesley has been using this medium to share what he calls 'the uniqueness of Jamaica with the world' since April 2007. Her son, Robert, however, incurred her displeasure by marrying beneath him, and he found it necessary to build a modest cottage overlooking the Great House; it was in this cottage that William Alexander Clarke was born and lived with other siblings. Hugh Shearer. Tramcar Inspector 6. Under this system, the Governor had the right to veto at all times, which he very often exercised against the wishes of the majority. Place of Birth: Hanover. By then Bustamante had left Western Kingston and won the South Eastern Clarendon seat by a large majority. The JLP was the overall winner of elections in April 1962, and Bustamante became premier. Michael Manley (1924-1997) was the leader of the People's National Party of Jamaica, prime minister (1972-1980, 1989-1992), and theoretician for a new International Economic Order. He tried to teach them to be proud of their heritage as a people and their culture rather than trying to imitate whites. The authorities viewed him as a troublemaker and this resulted in his detention in 1938 and again in 1940. On 10 April 1962, of the 45 seats up for contention in the 1962 Jamaican general election, the JLP won 26 seats and the PNP 19. Sir Bustamante was given Jamaica's most distinguished and highest honor, by the government in 1969. Having the RMAS approach to training at its core, IOTP is designed with a syllabus that sees male and female integration throughout training. August 7, 1977. Bustamante was considered a "buster", "a champion of the common man and tough article. He was made a member of the Privy Council in 1963. British union official and political leader Margaret Bondfield (1873-1953) was a lifelong advocate, Kjell Magne Bondevik Later the charges were dropped. In 1938 Norman Manley, the island's foremost barrister, and a cousin of . The true power was held by his deputy, Donald Sangster.[15]. Previously he had belonged to the People's National Party (founded in 1938 by his first cousin Norman Manley). In Economic Integration in the Americas, edited by Christos C. Paraskevopoulos, Ricardo Grinspun, and George Eaton. "Bustamante, Alexander In late February 1939, Bustamante called a general strike. When he returned to Jamaica in 1934, he had a new name: Alejandro Bustamante. by Deborah A. Thomas, John L. Jackson Jr. . An experienced and popular Conservative politician, Kenneth Harry Clarke (born 1940) became Great Britain's chancellor of the ex, Michael Manley (1924-1997) was the leader of the People's National Party of Jamaica, prime minister (1972-1980, 1989-1992), and theoretician for a ne, Blent Ecevit He was also the founder of the popularly known "shower party" - The Jamaica Labour Party in 1943. Between 1934 and 1938, Sir Alexander Bustamante swamped the press with letters denouncing the social conditions of Jamaica and demanded a better deal for poor and under-privileged people. He thus became Jamaica's first chief minister. Nestled in the cool hills of upper St Andrew and amidst beautiful trees, ferns, ground orchids, delicate wild flowers and a profusion of ginger lilies, is the Newcastle. A life-size statue of him is erected at South Parade, the place where he carried out much of his activities, his insignia appears on the Jamaican one dollar coin; his birthplace is a national shrine, and even a "sweet" bears his name. 1, 2015, pp. [20] In the same year, he was also awarded the Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Star by the Republic of China. He was also awarded the Distinguished Order of the Brilliant Star with special Grand Cordon by the Government of the Republic of China. Norman Manley was born in Roxborough Manchester,Jamaica on July 4, 1893, to parents Thomas Albert Samuel Manley and Margaret. On 9 June 1967, Bustamante was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE). However, the date of retrieval is often important. 20 Belmont Road 2. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante was born February 24, 1884 - August 06, 1977. He was given the "Order of National Hero" and became one of Jamaica's seven National Heroes. Lesson Plan What Are The Damages That A Hurricane Can Cause? Between 1934-1938 Bustamante did not hesitate to expose these extremely bad social and economic conditions in the numerous letters he wrote to "The Daily Gleaner" and . They were concerned about the expense of the venture. The Bustamante model of "political unionism"involving the alliance of unions and parties, the overlap of leadership, and the use of the state apparatus to further labor interestsserved to bring organized labor into the center of organized politics and to make support of labor critical to any party that wished to survive and achieve power. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Bustamante&oldid=1140403766, Jamaican Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Jamaican members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Jamaican English, Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 23:29. The Version table provides details related to the release that this issue/RFE will be addressed. 1. Sir Alexander Bustamante was born on February 24, 1884, as, His father, Robert Constantine Clarke, was the half-brother of Margaret Ann Manley, nee Shearer, who was the mother of. His fourth wife was Gladys Longbridge, who he married on 7 September 1962, at the age of 78. Michael Manley (1924-1997) was the leader of the People's National Party of Jamaica, prime minister (1972-1980, 1989-1992), and theoretician for a new International Economic Order. West Indians saw federation as a means by which they would attain a greater degree of self-Government not possible on an individual basis. Samuel Sharpe. I'll answer that now and share some. The widespread anti-colonial activism finally resulted in Parliament's granting universal suffrage in 1944 to residents in Jamaica. He also led the now defunct Justice, Margaret Grace Bondfield Norwegian politician Kjell Magne Bondevik (born 1947) twice served as prime minister of his country. "Federation is the best thing for these islands. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. 58a Half Way Tree Road, Kingston 10 He assured his followers that he was above his detractors, and while they want to live forever, he was prepared to die any day. New! Sign me up! The JLP held power until 1955 in which year . If you are on social media, here are the links to follow his latest posts: You are also invited tojoin his exclusive JAMHearts communitywhere like-minded Jamaican enthusiasts discuss all things Jamaican. His grandmother Elsie Clarke-Shearer was also the grandmother of Bustamantes contemporary and fellow National Hero, Norman Washington Manley. Physically impressive, standing approximately 6 . Early Life. Failing harvests and the lay-off of workers resulted in an influx of unemployed people, moving from the rural areas into the city. It was this confidence which took him to Frome after the disturbances that had left six dead, 50 wounded and 89 charged with rioting. During the 1938 labour rebellion, he quickly became identified as the spokesman for striking workers, who were mostly of African and mixed-race descent. The British government paid 4,230 for the Newcastle site. His towering height, bushy hair and his dramatic gestures were important elements, which drew people to him. Michael Norman Manley. The BITU/JLP bloc won the election with a large majority and ushered in the era of "Bustamanteeism"with its highly personalized ruleand of "political unionism." Edward Seaga. He told the people that what was taking place in Jamaica was a "mental revolution." Saint Ann Saint Ann is the largest parish in Jamaica. He served 4 years in office. Sir Alexander Bustamante was born on February 24, 1884 , the son of Robert Constantine Clarke, an Irish planter and Mary Clarke (nee Wilson) a Jamaican of mixed blood. Dairy Farmer 4. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante, a Jamaican politician and labour leader who became the first prime minister of Jamaica was born William Alexander Clarke on the 24th of February 1884 in Hanover he later changed his name by deed poll to Alexander Bustamante, and died on the 6th of August 1977. He was awarded an honorary degree from the American University, Fairfield, Connecticut (1963), In 1966, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws honoris causa of the University of the West Indies was conferred on him. On August 6, 1962, Jamaica was granted full independence. Deprived by the BITU of mass support, the rival PNP's only hope of electoral victory lay in building its own trade union base, with the result that Jamaican society evolved into two tribe-like political groupings, each with a political culture reflecting the ethics of the two dominant leaders. Coombs. In the latter part of 1943 Bustamante followed the example set by Manley and used the membership of the BITU to build a political party. Manley was an advocate of universal suffrage, which was granted by the British colonial government to the colony in 1944. . Script: Latin . In 1952 while on official business in Puerto Rico, he was arrested by the American authorities. On his return to Jamaica in the mid-1930s he set up a money lending business which was very successful. In July 1943, Bustamante launched the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) as the political arm of the BITU to contest the first general election based on universal suffrage under the new 1944 constitution. The product of the IOTP will be an ethical and robust Officer who has the knowledge, skills, attitudes and intellectual agility to adapt their decision-making process and approach to any environment. | Link To Us. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. If independence meant a triumph for the struggle for self-government that began in the . Ever wondered how big is Jamaica, the size of Jamaica, or just how LARGE is Jamaica compared to other countries? The PNP received more votes (203,048) than the JLP (199,538), but the JLP secured more seats; 17 to the PNP's 13. He also enhanced his "representativeness" and acceptability by participating in the organizational work of other trade unions, and by sharing the platforms of activists associated with the teachings of Marcus Garvey (18871940), the Jamaican-born advocate of "black consciousness and pride." Bustamante felt that he was destined to lead his country some day. Sir Alexander Bustamante also became the first. His credibility and legitimacy as an authentic leader of the working classes were cemented by his arrest and four days of incarceration in May 1938, and by his forcible internment two years later. Reverse. West Indians' demand for federation increased considerably following the labour disturbances of the mid 1930s which led to the establishment of strong trade unions and political parties. Federation was also seen as the means whereby the British colonies jointly could develop and implement plans to deal with their common, social and economic problems that were being experienced in education, health, communication and employment. He was also the principal Government spokesman in the House of Representatives. He became Jamaica's first Chief Minister, a position he held until 1954, being knighted that same year by the queen. Between 1935-1937 he was involved in every activity which highlighted the terrible plight of the majority of the population. Hon. I recommend you START HERE to enjoy the best of this website! His political activism focused on uniting the African diaspora and pushing for the establishment of a society of black people which enjoys socio-political and economic freedom from colonizers. This is normally done at the Unit level and later, through a Young Officers Course. "Bad Friday: Rastafari After Coral Gardens dir. He was defended by N.W. [1] His grandmother, Elsie Clarke-Shearer, was also the grandmother of Norman Washington Manley. The JLP lost the election of 1955, and Bustamante served as the leader of the opposition party from 1955 until 1961. Initially, he worked as a public transit employee, but he was transferred, due to a promotion, to Panama. An ordained minister who sp, Bustamante y Rivero, Jos Luis (18941990), Bustamante, Cruz M.: 1953: Lieutenant Governor, Politician, Bustamante, William Alexander (18841977), https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bustamante-alexander. William Alexander Bustamante, a moneylender in the capital city of Kingston who had formed the Jamaica Trade Workers and Tradesmen Union (JTWTU) three years earlier, captured the imagination of the black masses with his messianic personality, even though he himself was light-skinned, affluent, and aristocratic. At one of these rallies when the Security Forces threatened "to open fire" on the crowd, Bustamante unbuttoned his shirt, thrust his chest forward and invited the soldiers to leave the people alone and shoot him. He was released in February 1942, and immediately took absolute control of the BITU from a joint caretaker administration, which included his cousin Norman Manley. Bustamante described himself as a dietician and businessman with North American experience, but while he might have returned with some wealth to the island, his formal training and experience were mostly his own fantastic fabrication. [18] In 1964, he was made a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (PC). Fayval Williams (left), speaks with members of the St. Ann-based York Castle High School team about their entry in the National Robotics Championship, during the competition on Saturday (February 25), at Jamaica College in St. Andrew. Chances are someone already asked (and got an answer to) your question. It works! ." (review)." 20 Belmont Road Kingston 5, Jamaica Tel: (876)-929-1183 Email: [email protected] About Us. Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. The first general election under Universal Adult Suffrage came in 1944 and the JLP won 22 of the 32 seats. He got workers and employers to agree on wages and working conditions. He had no children. Project MUSE, Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Star, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, "The Rt. They had now become conscious of how they had been exploited all these years, and how little or nothing was done to alleviate their condition. Gomm, a veteran of the wars against revolutionary France and Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica from 1840 to 1841, relentlessly badgered the War Office in London to establish a mountain station for British soldiers in Jamaica soon after taking up his post. He was married four times. Share your passion(about your city, hobby or experience) and make a living from it. By 1938, the social and political climate of Jamaica had deteriorated and Jamaican workers were staging violent strikes to obtain universal adult suffrage. Personality. In May 1938 at Heroes Park, Bustamante told a crowd, "Long live the king, but Denham must go." https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bustamante-alexander, "Bustamante, Alexander He told them that he was more powerful than the governor. Sir Alexander Bustamante (1884 - 1977) National Hero & First Prime Minister Of Jamaica, Places Named After Alexander Bustamante (Jamaica's First Prime Minister), Join in and write your own page! HONOURS. In 1940, he was imprisoned on charges of subversive activities. Initial Officer Training Programme (IOTP) provides basic military officer training to Officer Cadets (OCdts) and their equivalents from law enforcement and uniformed services. Follow me for a quick explanation. Bustamante as well as others did not regard federation as a necessary step towards their achievement of self- Government or even independence. He officially retired in 1967. Michael Norman Manley. //]]>. . Bustamante attended Primary school at Cacoon and Dalmally and also did private studies. FIRST PRIME MINISTER Aug. 6, 1962 - Feb. 27, 1967. For a while Bustamante behaved with great restraint, but then he lashed out against the PNP leaders, claiming a betrayal of trust. Bustamante attended primary schools in Hanover, Jamaica. Later he founded the Jamaica Labour Party [JLP]. They were the parents of five children, including Norman Washington Manley (18931969), later to become Clarke-Bustamante's lifelong political rival. Bustamante died on August 6, 1977 at the age of 93 and has since become one of Jamaica's National heroes for his immense contributions to Jamaican politics and dedicating his life and campaigning for . Their demand was for higher wages. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Sir Alexander Bustamante also became the first Prime Minister of Independent Jamaica in 1962. Alexander Bustamante When Alexander Bustamante began to make his presence felt in Jamaica, the country was still a Crown Colony. as well as recognition from numerous prestigious international agencies Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Which is the largest parish in Jamaica? Norman Washington Manley was declared a National Hero, and his dedication to the people can be seen with the memorial on the site of his grave at National Heroes Park Kingston, Saint John, Jamaica. Jamaicans voted against federation when they voted on September 1, 1961. With hostilities over in 1945, the Canadians left and once again a British battalion was stationed there. During this time he initiated an ambitious five-year plan which . The Right Excellent Sir William Alexander Bustamante, G.B.E., LL.D (Hon.) The formal agreement on federation was completed by the Manley Government and Jamaica became a founding member of the federation in 1958. He had no children. parish of St. Catherine, to be trained as a junior overseer. His complete name is Norman Washington Manley. Bustamante and the JLP campaigned successfully against participation, leading to Jamaica's withdrawal and the breakup of the federation. It's easy to do. Bustamante first impressed his name on the society with a series of letters toThe Gleanerand occasionally to British newspapers, calling attention to the social and economic problems of the poor and underprivileged in Jamaica. Both men were half cousins by virtue of sharing a common maternal grandmother, Elsie Clarke Shearer. (WIF, inaugurated in 1958), Bustamante was first and foremost a Jamaican nationalist, and he became increasingly disenchanted with the federation. The disturbances at Frome were also the start of a series of strikes and demonstrations in which Bustmante stamped his name indelibly as the people's champion. However, he was acquitted. Tel: (876)-929-1183 What did Norman Manley contribution to Jamaica? Bustamante claimed that Britain, the "Mother Country", was not aware of the state of affairs in Jamaica, because he was badly informed or mis-informed by Governor Denham. Upon the return of OCdts to the JDF, there is a requirement for doctrine and operating procedure standardization due to the varying concepts and differing contents of the training they had undergone. questions and answers! ID: 1485659 Language: English School subject: Social Studies Grade/level: 4 Age: 8-12 Main content: Contribution of Jamaica's National Heroes to Nation Building Other contents: Slavery, Freedom, Fight, Heroes, Contribution, Nation Building, Paul Bogle, Sam Sharpe, George William Gordon, Marcus Garvey, Nanny of the Maroons, Alexander Bustamante Add to my workbooks (10) I had been introduced to her through a Foreign Service friend in Jamaica. Paul Bogle. Alexander Bustamante had dominated the JLP with an iron hand, hence there had been no opposition to his naming Edward Seaga as the contestant for the constituency of West Kingston in 1962. He founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union [BITU], the first trade union in Jamaica. Coat of arms of Jamaica. He campaigned for workers' rights, and he was imprisoned for standing up for his beliefs. 4. Bustamante had replaced Manley as premier between April and August, and on independence, he became Jamaica's first prime minister. 2.- What are the recommended banks or financial institution. Sir Alexander Bustamante (18841977) prime minister of Jamaica Quick Reference (1884-1977) Jamaican statesman. The Road Traffic Act Lamp Requirements on Vehicles, Family Matters Paternity & Adoption Leave, The Road Traffic Act Motor Vehicle Noise Limits, Dos and Donts in Communicating with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Back to School Health Tips: Properly Wash Your Hands. And Manley's wife was renowned artist Edna Manley. In 1966, an honorary LLD degree was conferred on him by the University of the West Indies. With independence, Newcastle was given to the Jamaican government as part of a general settlement of all military lands in Jamaica. The expectation is that on commissioning, an OCdt will be fully cognizant of the responsibilities and personal conditions that being an Officer imposes upon them. With these uncertainties Bustamante was not happy to take Jamaica into the federation. Sir Alexander Bustamante. A fiery leftist and critic of the United States in his first two terms, in his third term he was a moderate with close ties to America.. Michael Norman Manley was born in St. Andrew, Jamaica . Copyright 2020Jamaica Labour Party. They sang, "We will follow Bustamante till we die.". including the Jamaica Gleaner's Hospitality Jamaica, Carlong Publishers, There were many human right abuses. (February 22, 2023). Bustamante's activities were not confired only to the people of Jamaica. Alexander Bustamante who emerged as leader of the new labour movement founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU) later to be associated with the Jamaica Labour Party. Sir Alexander Bustamante, Jamaica Information Service, https://jis.gov.jm/information/heroes/sir-alexander-bustamante-2/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bustamante, The Rt.
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