Change your phone's language Android: Go to your phone's Settings > System > Languages & input > Languages. [87] Some of the noted earlier Persian works during the Ottoman rule are Idris Bidlisi's Hasht Bihisht, which began in 1502 and covered the reign of the first eight Ottoman rulers, and the Salim-Namah, a glorification of Selim I. [33] Some of the prominent modern Persian poets were Nima Yooshij, Ahmad Shamlou, Simin Behbahani, Sohrab Sepehri, Rahi Mo'ayyeri, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and Forugh Farrokhzad. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Status Persian enjoys official status in three countries. Dari and Farsi are two accents of the same language. The term Persophone might also be used to refer to a speaker of Persian. Arabic is one of the six official UN languages, along with Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Ghbel nadre By order of appearance, Tamil would be considered the worlds oldest language as it is over 5,000 years old, having made its first appearance in 3,000 BC. [77], The first poems of the Persian language, a language historically called Dari, emerged in present-day Afghanistan. Khoshgelam () "Khoshgelam" literally means "My beautiful." You can use this term for calling females, especially your partner. Persian has also had considerable contact with other languages, resulting in many borrowings. Over the past couple of centuries, Persian has borrowed many loanwords from European languages (mainly French). Replied on May 24, 2018. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Words coined by this association, such as rh-han () for "railway", were printed in Soltani Newspaper; but the association was eventually closed due to inattention. Persian belongs to the Indo-European language family, and many words in modern Persian usage ultimately originate from Proto-Indo-European. [26] It was used officially as a language of bureaucracy even by non-native speakers, such as the Ottomans in Anatolia,[27] the Mughals in South Asia, and the Pashtuns in Afghanistan. Mandarin Chinese. The Hazaragi dialect (in Central Afghanistan and Pakistan), Herati (in Western Afghanistan), Darwazi (in Afghanistan and Tajikistan), Basseri (in Southern Iran), and the Tehrani accent (in Iran, the basis of standard Iranian Persian) are examples of these dialects. So, do the following steps. [40] This association officially declared that it used Persian and Arabic as acceptable sources for coining words. New Persian was widely used as a trans-regional lingua franca, a task aided due to its relatively simple morphology, and this situation persisted until at least the 19th century. Iranians are known for helping out and cheering when it comes to somebody trying to speak their language. How to Improve Organizational Skills at Workplace? 5 What kind of Grammatical order does Persian have? HowMany.In The official language of Iran is sometimes called Farsi in English and other languages. There are 3 main dialects of the language, Iranian Persian, Dari and Tajiki. What Dialect Of Farsi Is Spoken In Iran? There also exist several romanization systems for Persian. The more detailed standard ISO 639-3 uses the code fas for the dialects spoken across Iran and Afghanistan. Although the "middle period" of the Iranian languages formally begins with the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the transition from Old to Middle Persian had probably already begun before the 4th century BC. In addition, since the plurals formed by the Arabic morphological system constitute only a small portion of the Persian vocabulary (about 5% in the Shiraz corpus), it is not necessary to include them in the morphology; they are instead listed in the dictionary as irregular forms. Also, any new Persian words can only be pluralized by the addition of this plural morpheme since the Arabic root system is not a productive process in Persian. Beginner Tips For Learning The Perso-Arabic Alphabet Tip 1: Persian is Spelt Phonetically Tip 2: Persian has a case-free alphabet Tip 3: Persian is just joined-up handwriting Tip 4: The 32 letters come in groups Tip 5: Many of the letters are redundant Understanding Vowels In Written Persian How To 'Deal With' Missing Short Vowels In Persian Very well written. It influenced languages spoken in neighboring regions and beyond, including other Iranian languages, the Turkic, Armenian, Georgian, and Indo-Aryan languages. Grammar: Very Easy. Find out all of the different ways to say thank you in Farsi. The following text is from Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [79] In the late Middle Ages, new Islamic literary languages were created on the Persian model: Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai Turkic, Dobhashi Bengali, and Urdu, which are regarded as "structural daughter languages" of Persian. This wiki page has lists of some Bengali words, borrowed from other modern languages. [22] Its grammar is similar to that of many European languages. [56] Gernot Windfuhr considers new Persian as an evolution of the Old Persian language and the Middle Persian language[57] but also states that none of the known Middle Persian dialects is the direct predecessor of Modern Persian. 2. V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. All Compilations Learn Persian twice as. The Persian alphabet adds four letters to the Arabic alphabet: Historically, there was also a special letter for the sound //. William Shakespeare is believed to have the largest vocabulary in the English language, at their disposal. Which language has the largest vocabulary? The language makes extensive use of word building techniques such as affixation and compounding to derive new words from roots. Hundreds of new words cover technology, computing, ecology, and many other subjects. Man faghat niaz be tamrin daram. So, for instance, the Arabic plural form for ketb () ["book"] is kotob () obtained by the root derivation system. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. PS. How many words are spelled the same backwards? Farsi is spoken by around 100 million people across the world, It is the most widely spoken language of all Indo-Iranian languages. 17 Apr 12 Common Farsi Words & Phrases - salam - Hi. Farsi is spoken by around 100 million people across the world, It is the most widely spoken language of all. q 'mister', dowqolu 'twin', komak 'help', tumn 'official currency of Iran' (but ril < Portuguese), ybu 'pack nag', qelq 'winter quarters', yeylq 'summer quarters', qeyi 'scissors'. What kind of Grammatical order does Persian have? [34][35], Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision. Diphthongs are the sound made when 2 separate vowel sounds are blended into one sound. This is the language of the 10th to 12th centuries, which continued to be used as literary language and lingua franca under the "Persianized" Turko-Mongol dynasties during the 12th to 15th centuries, and under restored Persian rule during the 16th to 19th centuries. Or Persian words if they are educated and know what does art and culture. What is the difference between Farsi and Persian? This is despite the fact that Iran has a large population made up of many ethnicities. "New Persian" (also referred to as Modern Persian) is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian remains largely intelligible to speakers of Contemporary Persian, as the morphology and, to a lesser extent, the lexicon of the language have remained relatively stable. That metaphorical process is at the heart of Toki Pona, the worlds smallest language. Learn more Farsi words and phrases with our online Farsi course. If you click on the Not Installed link, it will take you to a Microsoft website from where you can select and download the language. Iranians say bah bah when anything pleases the senses. These dialects are mutually intelligible to a high degree which means that speakers of one dialect can easily understand another dialect. Speaking: Very Easy. Your query is how many words in persianand answer for your query is 343466. [25], Persian was the first language to break through the monopoly of Arabic on writing in the Muslim world, with Persian poetry becoming a tradition in many eastern courts. There was still substantial Arabic vocabulary, but many of these words have been integrated into Persian phonology and grammar. The usage of Turkic loan words varies by dialect; generally, eastern dialects such as: Tajik, Dari, and Hazaragi have more Turkic influence than Iranian Persian.[18]. . Of the rest of Iran's population, 25 percent speak . e.g. Kheili vaghte ke azat khabari nist Long time no see, Az molaghat-e shom khosh vaghtam Pleased to meet you, Ruze xubi dte bid! 1920. Seraji, Mojgan, Beta Megyesi, and Joakim Nivre. Persian loanwords of Arabic origin especially include Islamic terms. Iranian, on the other hand, refers to the nationality of Irans people. Farsi e shoma khoob ast. Prevalence of French influence varies by Dialect. [55], According to available documents, the Persian language is "the only Iranian language"[20] for which close philological relationships between all of its three stages are established and so that Old, Middle, and New Persian represent[20][56] one and the same language of Persian; that is, New Persian is a direct descendant of Middle and Old Persian. It is remarkably simple in terms of formal grammar. Farsi is also called Persian in the English language. The literature collection in Tamil, which is a classical language, is very vast. The prevalent term used for the word 'loan' in Punjab is Karaz ( ) - itself a loan word from Persian! The modern Farsi script, also known as Farsi-Arabic, uses the Arabic alphabet, with four extra letters, for a total of 32 characters. How many words are in the most dangerous game? [83] They adopted the Persian language as the official language of the empire. On the other hand, in standard Tajik, the length distinction has disappeared, and /i/ merged with /i/ and /u/ with /u/. Johanson, Lars, and Christiane Bulut. [116] According to another source, about 40% of everyday Persian literary vocabulary is of Arabic origin. [93] Persian continued to act as a courtly language for various empires in Punjab through the early 19th century serving finally as the official state language of the Sikh Empire, preceding British conquest and the decline of Persian in South Asia.[94][95][96]. Pay attention to these examples: Daram miram sare kar, Azizam I'm going to work, my dear! In 1934, Reza Shah ordered to rebuild tomb of Ferdowsi, who is regarded as the savior of Persian language, and set up a ceremony in Mashhad, celebrating a thousand years of Persian literature since the time of Ferdowsi, titled Ferdowsi Millenary Celebration (Persian: ). Like in written Arabic, Farsi does not use the uppercase, and most letters are cursive. Russian is grammatically and verbally similar to Persian. This is a common version of "thank you" in Persian, and mam'noon is written as in the Persian alphabet. The vast majority of modern Iranian Persian and Dari text is written with the Arabic script. [23], Throughout history, Persian was considered prestigious by various empires centered in Western Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. Example: 1) Darlene picked 7 apples. John R. Perry, in his article Lexical Areas and Semantic Fields of Arabic, estimates that about 24 percent of an everyday vocabulary of 20,000. How many words are in the Chinese language? [86] It was a major literary language in the empire. It is also varied. [83] For five centuries prior to the British colonization, Persian was widely used as a second language in the Indian subcontinent. Farsi is a member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family; it is the official language of Iran. Phonology and orthography. in. Immersive Reader is available in many of the Microsoft products you already use. How to Improve Social Intelligence Skills? How many words are there in a 7 minute speech? However, the attention of the academy has been turned towards the persistent infiltration of Persian, like many other languages, with English words, as a result of the globalization process. There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, including Persians, Lurs, Tajiks, Hazaras, Iranian Azeris, Iranian Kurds, Balochs, Tats, and Aimaqs. This is the estimate provided by Global Language Monitor on January 1, 2014. Learning words in the context of sentences and conversation helps you retain them. From the menu at the top of the page, click on the File. It is spoken as a native language in the north and west of Afghanistan and it is also a common language of communication in the capital city, Kabul. MVP. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. [75], The transition to New Persian was already complete by the era of the three princely dynasties of Iranian origin, the Tahirid dynasty (820872), Saffarid dynasty (860903) and Samanid Empire (874999). His reputation as a court poet and as an accomplished musician and singer has survived, although little of his poetry has been preserved. How are you? and there are so many Arabic and Turkish words in Kurdish.-Tajik (Tajikistan) and Dari (Afghanistan), they are Persian too. Ready to Start Teaching? abteilungswechsel innerhalb firma. Modern Iranian Persian and Afghan Persian are written using the Persian alphabet which is a modified variant of the Arabic alphabet, which uses different pronunciation and additional letters not found in Arabic language. Learn Persian in 30 Minutes - ALL the Basics You Need Learn Persian with PersianPod101.com 93K subscribers 1.2M views 5 years ago Persian Made Easy! When a guest arrives at your home and you open the door to welcome them, you say bah bah to show that you are happy to see them. Tajiki, which is considered by some linguists to be a Persian dialect influenced by Russian and the Turkic languages of Central Asia,[108][131] is written with the Cyrillic script in Tajikistan (see Tajik alphabet). In some instances in addition to the Persian vocabulary, the equivalent synonyms from multiple foreign languages can be used. They contain clear explanations in English and offer lots of examples. The complex grammatical conjugation and declension of Old Persian yielded to the structure of Middle Persian in which the dual number disappeared, leaving only singular and plural, as did gender. In fact, Farsi is not only in a separate language group from Arabic but it's also in a separate language family. However, there are exceptions to this rule, and in some words, and are merged into the diphthongs [e] and [o] (which are descendants of the diphthongs [] and [] in Early New Persian), instead of merging into /i/ and /u/. Examples of the exception can be found in words such as [ron] (bright). Here are a few examples: Bad (English) = Bad (Persian) Star (English) = Setareh (Persian) Mother (English) = Madar (Persian) Padre (Spanish) = Pedar (Persian) Tochter (German) = Dokhtar (Persian) = Daughter (English) Persian, Farsi or Parsi? The International Organization for Standardization has published a standard for simplified transliteration of Persian into Latin, ISO 233-3, titled "Information and documentation Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters Part 3: Persian language Simplified transliteration"[133] but the transliteration scheme is not in widespread use. [54], In general, the Iranian languages are known from three periods: namely Old, Middle, and New (Modern). [16] Throughout history, the Persian-speaking realm was ruled by a succession of dynasties of Turkic origin, notably Ghaznavid, Seljuk, the Sultanate of Rum and Timurid which have patronized Persian culture and literature. Speakers of Turkic languages and Iranian language have been in contact since pre-islamic times; as such there are notable Turkic forms (including Mongolian borrowings through Turkic) that have entered the Persian language. There are 3 short vowels in Farsi: [3] A short "a" sound, like the "a" in the American English word "cat" A short "e" sound, like the "e" in the English word "let" A short "o" sound, like the "o" in the English word "lord" 3 Practice Farsi diphthongs. All rights reserved. Words borrowed from Persian are still quite commonly used in certain Indo-Aryan languages, especially Hindi-Urdu (also historically known as Hindustani), Punjabi, Kashmiri, and Sindhi. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); It is estimated there are 7000 languages currently spoken in the World. Many Persian words have also found their way into the English language. The first official attentions to the necessity of protecting the Persian language against foreign words, and to the standardization of Persian orthography, were under the reign of Naser ed Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty in 1871. [71], New Persian texts written in the Arabic script first appear in the 9th-century. [58][59] Ludwig Paul states: "The language of the Shahnameh should be seen as one instance of continuous historical development from Middle to New Persian."[60]. For example, a ammah is pronounced [~u], while in Iranian Persian it is pronounced [o]. This is the origin of the name Farsi as it is today used to signify New Persian. Pars is called Fars in Arabic which lacks the sound [p]. (kheily) mamnoon Thank you (very much). Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. However, in shape and form is the traditional Arabic style that continues in the Nile Valley, namely, Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan. The Indo-Iranian, The Top 10 Business Languages of the World in 2018 by GDP (IMF). As for the question that which of them is older, then Persian takes the prize if we include the history of its earliest version. The oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscription, dating to the time of King Darius I (reigned 522486 BC). In their turn, Iranian languages are closer to the Indo-Aryan languages. Language: Urdu and the borrowed words - Newspaper - DAWN.COM Persian is also the favorite language of one the few people who has real authority when it comes to comparing languages: 17-year-old Tim Doner. The Cyrillic script was introduced for writing the Tajik language under the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic in the late 1930s, replacing the Latin alphabet that had been used since the October Revolution and the Persian script that had been used earlier. Just get into a position where you use Persian every day - if you can spend time in Iran, Afghanistan or Tajikistan, your Persian will soon (2-3 months? The length distinction is still strictly observed by careful reciters of classic-style poetry for all varieties (including Tajik). Its a total amateur effort. The ultimate goal was to prevent books from being printed with wrong use of words. Persian was the only non-European language known and used by Marco Polo at the Court of Kublai Khan and in his journeys through China. jobb willys helsingborg; May 28, 2022 . - (kheily) mamnoon - Thank you (very much) -khodahafez - Goodbye. The map to the left shows Iran, the main Farsi . These Arabic words have been imported and lexicalized in Persian. Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012), 23-25 May 2012, Istanbul, Turkey. Spanish. Persianis also used to refer to the Iranianculture, literature, history, and way of life while Farsiis not. Wiesbaden 1963-1975), French, Russian and English. [39], Farsi, which is the Persian word for the Persian language, has also been used widely in English in recent decades, more often to refer to Iran's standard Persian. 2) Joelle read 9. [citation needed], A scientific association was founded in 1911, resulting in a dictionary called Words of Scientific Association ( ), which was completed in the future and renamed Katouzian Dictionary ( ).[99]. "Persian" is the term by which the Iranianlanguage is known to the English-speaking world while "Farsi" is the term by which it is referred to by its native speakers. Where are you from? The number of original Persian words used today is very small.-Kurdish is a branch of Persian, but the number of orginal Persian words in it is more! 2 Which language has the most vocabulary? It also exerted some influence on Arabic,[28] while borrowing a lot of vocabulary from it in the Middle Ages.[20][23][29][30][31][32]. It's time to replace 'Diversity, Equity & Inclusion' with 'Excellence . 2022-11-09 . in nutshell, in Turkish language you can find a Turkish word for almost every Arabic and Persian language. 5. The Arab conquest of Iran lasted for two centuries, from the 7th to the 9th CE. Parthian) and Persian (in Arabic text: al-Farisiyah) (i.e. "Farsi" redirects here. Have a nice day, Moteshakkeram / Mersi / Mamnnam Thank you. Several political and educational factors played a significant . The following are some languages closely related to Persian, or in some cases are considered dialects: More distantly related branches of the Iranian language family include Kurdish and Balochi. What usually happens is that . [48][49] Officially, the official language of Iran is designated simply as Persian (, frsi). [68] The exact identity of the Parsuwash is not known for certain, but from a linguistic viewpoint the word matches Old Persian prsa itself coming directly from the older word *prwa. So, OK, Old Persian is older than Old Arabic. However, Middle Persian is not actually attested until 600 years later when it appears in the Sassanid era (224651 AD) inscriptions, so any form of the language before this date cannot be described with any degree of certainty. [86] After a period of several centuries, Ottoman Turkish (which was highly Persianised itself) had developed toward a fully accepted language of literature, which was even able to satisfy the demands of a scientific presentation. It was also the official and cultural language of many Islamic dynasties, including the Samanids, Buyids, Tahirids, Ziyarids, the Mughal Empire, Timurids, Ghaznavids, Karakhanids, Seljuqs, Khwarazmians, the Sultanate of Rum, Turkmen beyliks of Anatolia, Delhi Sultanate, the Shirvanshahs, Safavids, Afsharids, Zands, Qajars, Khanate of Bukhara, Khanate of Kokand, Emirate of Bukhara, Khanate of Khiva, Ottomans, and also many Mughal successors such as the Nizam of Hyderabad. Not a very well researched (but not terribly bad, either) language, so its difficult to establish that. [72] The language is a direct descendant of Middle Persian, the official, religious, and literary language of the Sasanian Empire (224651). Persian language Dari language, member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian family of languages and, along with Pashto, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. FREE ONLINE Farsi Lessons: Learn Farsi in 100 Days Course; Persian Alphabet; The word lemon originated from Sanskrit What Are Some Persian Words in English? Usually by "Persian" I mean the way it's spoken in Iran (and specifically the culturally dominant Tehrani accent). Shoma lahje nadarid (manzoor:lahjeh shoma shabihe mast) Asking for Directions. How hard is it to learn? When food smells or tastes good, you say bah bah! New York: The Macmillan Company. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [24], The language spread geographically from the 11th century on and was the medium through which, among others, Central Asian Turks became familiar with Islam and urban culture. Hayes 1979, Windfuhr 1979) that consider vowel length to be the active feature of the system, with //, /i/, and /u/ phonologically long or bimoraic and //, /e/, and /o/ phonologically short or monomoraic. [93] Employed by Punjabis in literature, Persian achieved prominence in the region during the following centuries. How many apples did Juan pick? , . 1. PS. I-IV. The language with the largest vocabulary in the world is English with 1,025,109.8 words. Say "mam'noon" (mm'nun). Early New Persian had a series of five long vowels (/i/, /u/, //, /o/, and /e/) along with three short vowels //, /i/, and /u/. These letters are pronounced the same as similar Persian letters. In the modern Persian script, historically short vowels are usually not written, only the historically long ones are represented in the text, so words distinguished from each other only by short vowels are ambiguous in writing: Iranian Persian kerm "worm", karam "generosity", kerem "cream", and krom "chrome" are all spelled krm () in Persian. In the Rotokas writing system the vowel letters have their IPA values, though they may be written double, aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, for long vowels. Like Arabic, it is written from right to left. Interestingly, the hardest language to learn is also the most widely spoken native language in the world. [14] Also referred to as Afghan Persian in English, it is one of Afghanistan's two official languages, together with Pashto. "A basic language resource kit for Persian." 6 How many words are there in the Farsi language? Key Features. 1. 1. (1993), Jackson, A. V. Williams. Arab countries have a rich diversity of ethnic, linguistic, and religious communities. COLLOQUIAL TAJIKI IN COMPARISON WITH PERSIAN OF IRAN", "Vowel system of Contemporary Iranian Persian", "Persian computational morphology: A unification-based approach", "Persian vs Arabic All the Similarities and Differences", "ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. There are three standard varieties of modern Persian: All these three varieties are based on the classic Persian literature and its literary tradition. [note 2] A lot of these loanwords were originally French and use French pronunciation, also other common words mainly come from English, Italian, German, and Russian (example: samovar) as well. To find out which capabilities are available to use in a product, select your product from the drop-down list. How many words are in the Klingon language? )-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with Persian-language sources (fa), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. harv error: no target: CITEREFSkjaervo2006 (. Fluent Farsi benefits from a systematic step by step approach and the lessons are easy to follow. [67], According to certain historical assumptions about the early history and origin of ancient Persians in Southwestern Iran (where Achaemenids hailed from), Old Persian was originally spoken by a tribe called Parsuwash, who arrived in the Iranian Plateau early in the 1st millennium BCE and finally migrated down into the area of present-day Frs province. Since the Farsi language is part of the Indo-European languages, most of the words between English and Persian are similar like for example the English name of daughter in Persian is pronounced dokhtar, mother in English is pronounced as madar in Persian while the English name of brother is pronounced as baradar in Persian. Dar khaste komak va rah porsidan. So you have an option to use any of them But, in ottoman time people prefer to use if they are religious (to show off) Arabic words in their sentences. Dari is also called Farsi in Afghanistan while it is mostly referred to as Farsi in Iran. 4 Which language has the smallest vocabulary? For other uses, see, Areas with significant numbers of people whose first language is Persian (including dialects). Now you will be able to type in Farsi script. The role of AzeriTurkish in Iranian Persian, on which see John Perry, "The Historical Role of Turkish in Relation to Persian of Iran", L. Johanson, "Azerbaijan: Iranian Elements in Azeri Turkish" in, Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature, List of Persian-language poets and authors, Persian language in the Indian subcontinent, List of loanwords in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, International Organization for Standardization, List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language, Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Iran, vi. What you already know about Persian 3. 'Merci' is the most common way to casually say thank you in Iran. The majority of the Rotokas people are literate in their language. How did Persian words get into the English language? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Iranian languages Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty, dating from the 6th century bce, and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Aoka in the Indian subcontinent in the mid-3rd century bce. It's a unique database that offers the fullest, most accurate picture of the Farsi language today. Salam sobhet bekheir, Azizam Hi, good morning, my dear! Vols. how many words in farsi language. Following the Turko-Persian Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia, Persian was firstly introduced in the region by Turkic Central Asians. 55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba (once counted as a Gur language) and Fulfulde Bermuda English (official), Portuguese Bhutan These cookies do not store any personal information. The glottal stop is distinctive at the beginning, middle, and end of words, whether following or preceding consonants or coming between vowels: (1) masd .
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