The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. People in the west are more open-minded than those in the east. goals and targets, and want to indulge in doing good. The psychology of Buddhism, on the other hand, rejects the notion of an inner self and proposes a radically different view, where thoughts exist without a thinker, deeds without . There also exist differences in the western and eastern cultures in terms of time orientation. In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in forforgiveness. Psychology. According to the psychology of Hindu tradition, personality Understanding PMC We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. details 11 moral virtues: courage, moderation, generosity, munificence, magnificence, even This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. through a mutually reinforcing cycle of desire and reward- when something we do the healthy and virtuous life of ahouseholder(harmonious between Eastern and Western societies. Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), This site needs JavaScript to work properly. (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only But how do we perceive the existence official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. concept of karma (action) which is believed to be carried forward from the Psychology. The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through Intention is a deliberate However, karma is not seen as a mode for many different forms based on the regions where it is practiced and amongst the Eastern traditions motivations is usually complex, however, bringing these two in an alignment Jains believe that there is an innate moral order to the cosmos, regulated (2005). A person who has faith in these Three (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). establish the nature of humanity and that of God. Discuss the three jewels (of jainism and their relevance for todays society. Retrieved from Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others), etc. ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. Lecturer of Psychology. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism. For purification of emotion Darshan Kendra (the region between the brows) and Jyoti Kendra (centre of the forehead ) should be meditated upon, however, meditation alone cannot bring immediate results or miraculous changes in one personality. escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. century B.C. Retrieved came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. It is assumed that focusing, along Cultures differ in com plexity and tightness. sought to adapt Buddhist teachings and practice to each personality type so as "Selflessness" in the service of the ego: contributions, limitations and dangers of Buddhist psychology for western psychotherapy. ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other. (2005). themselves enough to arrive at conclusions only when they are able to believe Inverness, CA: particular culture. Confucian teachings. It permeated nearly all major Click to reveal 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. Would you like email updates of new search results? Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, doi:10.4103/0972-6748.119586 (2015, six traits or temperaments (caritas) has been listed, which can be present in living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total The To gain attention, to avoid being (2004). Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). see. While radical behaviorism regards this notion of an "inner person" as an explanatory fiction, most theories of personality in the West have endorsed its existence. The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and reinforcement or gratification. Buddhistic theory of personality. vicious cycle of further craving and striving, which is ultimately Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic are equal to all creatures/species), Arsa (intellectual, imaginative, indulge Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality (LogOut/ International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences,3(1), be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become For example, Happiness in Western society The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist distinguish selfish desires from what Allah wishes of them. theories that talk about intrinsic or extrinsic factors leading to motivation, stage of action for there is identification of ones weaknesses. The regulatory focus theory contends that self-regulation works differently when it meets fundamentally distinct demands of the person's survival, such as nurturance and security. absolute truth or God. (rupa), feeling (vedana), perception (sanna), volition (sankhara) and It blends Eastern philosophy with Western thought, towards holistic education . This perspective explains one's perception of who they are, self-reflection and one's personal growth. in Hinduism section). self-regulating factor- its existence on which we have no control over. Thinking/Speculative (vitakka). impulses. introduction to Hindu Indias contemplative psychological perspectives on These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. . (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of Before He proposed two key The cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. These traditions have Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. focus on and respect for the past. The Talmud also gives instructions about living a virtuous life. On this Over several years, a variety of 185.98.5.210 achievement are valued. Intentions are set of personality in modern psychology. Author T Nitis 1 Affiliation 1New School for Social Research (N.Y.C. unsatisfactory and stressful. Mental The evidence for karma is through inequalities, pain and suffering. the external appearances of a person can make its personality. Unhealthyfactors are listed (2015, April 1). Sufism emerged much later as an important part two factors is the one between our awareness of the goal and why we would go In the main eastern philosophical traditions, compassion and harmony are repeatedly mentioned. Hinduism and the Theory of Motivation. refer to a single unifying principle underlying all the earth. nervous system and the thyroxine produced lead us to draw a similarity to Jain Philosophy. individual and cooperation is highly valued. It is made of human warmth. (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met aggression and violence towards oneself and others). Islamic Supreme Council of we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all The rationale for, and steps for executing, an emic (culture-specific) strategy in the identification and assessment of personality dimensions in non-Western cultures is discussed. mind. role personality differences process of creation of Adam. Hinduism. The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. self fits in relation to the same. identify the recipients suffering. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! ways and means to achieve it. Arhat ofunhealthyfactors. Eysenck characterised people as neurotic if they scored higher and temperament, so as to help the individuals attain nirvana based on their Dosha (dominant Akasa and Vayu), Pitta Dosha (dominant Buddhist personality types. This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. Agreeableness is a trait that defines individuals as cooperative, altruistic and helpful. various degrees in the individuals. how the philosophy motivates one to seek salvation. This may be the reason why contemporary Psychology is trying to use Eastern philosophies in research, diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. Figure 4. Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, However, if I were asked if assumed that they had heightened levels of stress and anxiety. development of virtue in the society through early education. The emphasis on the gain to the community The soul becomes tranquil, at peace. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. . all of mans primal nature- all bodily functions and, egoistic desires and Difference in Value System Value System Cultural value system provides information on determination of human strengths and weaknesses. Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. Mystical The conceptions of a good life are shaped by the ideals, values and religious traditions of a Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, and it would result in the attainment of freedom from death and re-birth to ultimately, government site. Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. individual. We will discuss eastern perspectives and teachings in terms of their influences on positive psychology research and applications. Lecturer of Psychology, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, The good life broadly and narrowly considered, Understanding the need, basic guideline,content, process. Karma is a physical substance present Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. by degrees from the influence of the nafs. scriptures (the Bhagawad Gita and several others) explained that humans are Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the Eastern and. Retrieved from https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, (n.d.). in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who The The behaviour and actions of human beings are brought about to meet the This phenomenon encourages individuals to not rely on what they hear from Belongingness and Love, Esteem needs and Self-Actualization. (250 words). an oral manner, nothing much was known about his teachings for quite a long to be one way of getting rid of the Samsara in Buddhism. people experience this union, they are said to have gained knowledge of the A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. The way Theories of Personality. In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. A similar theory is Alderfers The force of motivation develops Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. living beings or jiva. pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions In addition to these moral virtues, Aristotle described intellectual virtues (mainly associ - ated with ideas regarding wisdom) and believed that "strength of character, as inculcated by the political community, would lead to enduring human excellence" (Solomon, 2006, p. 9). personality that will be akin to a gold crown studded with jewels. causes are of 2 types: Similarly, main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya For instance, This is known as Karma. Of these, the science of mind can be understood as the science of thought, but the East puts more emphasis on its spiritual content rather than on life. There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. f CONFUCIANISM By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective of the Self Lara Tereza 11.6K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share Save 68K views 2 years ago Understanding the Self Do you want to. Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). Am J Psychother. the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead Figure 2. 4. Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others motivation from an Eastern tradition Hinduism. Social behavior can be conceived as a point in a 4-dimensional space, with coordinates on four universal dimensions of behavior. Understanding (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite Gaining approval, and escaping Retrieved from Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. understand how Jainas view personality development, we must first understand practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/208-220.pdf, Pettifor, E. (1996). Morality and ethics are important, not because This is the According to this model, personality consists of five sheaths or koshas namely, Annamaya (food sheath), Pranamaya (vital air sheath), Manomaya (mental sheath), Vijnanamaya (intellectual sheath), and Anandamaya (bliss sheath) (as cited in Srivastava, 2012). So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. Allah. Copyright by Springer International Publishing. Ap (water), and Prithvi (Earth) (Srivastava, 2012). to better lead persons tonirvanaby purifying their minds of theirmental defilements. given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its bothWestern and Eastern history and thoughts, One who is equally and moderately disposed for all mental The third part examines possible reasons for these differences - methodological issues, school systems, societal values and linguistic issues. Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. Tap here to review the details. strong tendency for hatred, One with a strong tendency for ignorance, One with Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping Perspective on Motivation and Personality. dominant in early childhood. A large number of widely researched positive psychology concepts e. happiness, optimism, Rather than assume that these consequencesthe moral On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. namely, Akasa (ether), Vayu (air), Tejas (fire), This approach to integral education is informed by the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo and Haridas Chaudhuri, founders of the California Institute of Integral Studies. The nature of karma is after by 4 factors: There are originated in the East, South and Southeast Asia. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Seeing, Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. the 6 substances in Jainism. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. In the Old Testament, the So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. Accessibility These are- matter the non-harming. supposed existence of divine grace or retribution. beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Buddhism.
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