Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). As cells are generally colourless, they need to be stained so that they can be easily viewed under the microscope. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes ( dendrites, axons ). Other blotting techniques include Southern blot, Western blot, Far-Western blot, Southwestern blot, Eastern blot, Far-Eastern blot, Northern blot, Reverse Northern blot and Dot blot. There are many neurons in the nervous systema number in the trillions. (PWA), including the SecondLookHistology apps. Eroschenko, V. P. (2017). I love Histology! . Copyright Be able to identify tissues in the nervous system (nerves, cell bodies and ganglia, and white vs. gray matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum). Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. All Rights Reserved. Spleen and lymph node histology shows an encapsulated meshwork of fibres, in which immune system cells sit. The latter constitutes the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). At the end of the axon is the axon terminal, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a synaptic end bulb. Because of the privileged blood supply inherent in the BBB, the extracellular space in nervous tissue does not easily exchange components with the blood. Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. Nervous Tissue DR. DEVI 1 16-4-19 2. Primarily, the PNS is made up of the axons of neurons whose cell bodies are located within the CNS (within the brain for cranial nerves and the spinal cord for peripheral nerves yet another way to divide the nervous system based on location). In these slides, dorsal happens to be "up," but you should be able to tell dorsal and ventral horns based on morphology and the cells present rather than the orientation. Based on their functional properties, these are described as either voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscle). Nueron ppt naseemmeeran 139 views . They are organized into lobules, with each lobule containing a parenchyma of seminiferous tubules and a connective tissue stroma. The male reproductive system consist of the internal genitalia (testes, genital ducts and accessory genital glands) and external genitalia (penis and scrotum). Nerve tissue consists of 2 principal types of cells: neurons and supporting cells. The study of. Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. Learn more about the histology of the upper and lower digestive tract. Aspects of peripheral nerve embryology and clinically . Water and some other small particles, like gases and ions, can enter. Read more. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF These cells contain contractile filaments (myofibrils) called actin (thin) and myosin (thick). Philadelphia, Pa: Wolters Kluwer. Ppt #2. The accessory genital glands include the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. It is this myelin, a lipid-rich sheath covering axons, that causes white matter to be lighter in color than grey matter. For an even more detailed view, an electron microscopy can be used. Luv ya! Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together.The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog. Description: Chapter 11 Histology of Nervous Tissue J.F. Remember, this entire pathway is traveled by cells whose axons may be three feet long! Alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange. Some cutting edge research suggests that certain neurons in the CNS do not conform to the standard model of one, and only one axon. Remember, a nerve is a bundle of axons, running in parallel, in the PNS. Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. Histology (Tissues). The perikarya of large somatic motor neurons slide 065-2 View Image located in the ventral horn of the cord innervate the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk, which are embryologically derived from somites (hence, somatic muscles). Astrocytes - Technically, the junctions between endothelial cells constitute the actual "barrier." Using only histological evidence, could you determine from where in the nervous system a sample of tissue was taken? In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn. As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. system is called neurology. By examining a thin slice of bone tissue under a microscope, colorized with special staining techniques, you see that these seemingly simple bones are actually a complex microworld containing an array of structures with various different functions. These vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them. The edges of this loose enclosure extend toward each other, and one end tucks under the other. The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels and lymphoid organs. It is related to both the circulatory system and the immune system. Bone tissue is a specialized type of connective tissue that contains cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts), fibers (collagen type I) and mineralized extracellular matrix. Anatomy & Physiology I Chapter 4. This system delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues, and returns deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart and lungs. Most of the nuclei visible in the granular layer belong to very small neurons, granule cells, which participate in the extensive intercommunication involved in the cerebellums role in balance and coordination. The endocrine system is a set of tissues that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Generally, they are supporting cells for the neurons in the central nervous system. The tools for studying histology are becoming more diverse everyday. As the name implies, the cell body is shaped somewhat like a pyramid, with a large, branching dendrite extending from the apex of the pyramid toward the cortical surface, and with an axon extending downward from the base of the pyramid. Why are perikarya of dorsal horn neurons smaller than those in the ventral horn? Above the temporal (ventral or inferior) horn of the lateral ventricle the lateral geniculate nucleus is present. Test yourself on cardiac muscle tissue with the following quiz. Thus are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the body. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. The spleen on the other hand, filters blood. There are six types of glial cells. The CNS consists of nervous tissue that is protected within bony structures the brain within the cranium and the spinal cord within the vertebral column. This preserves it into the same state that it had when it was in the body, and thus, keeps it from degrading. Depending on the type of cells present (fibroblasts, osteocytes, erythrocytes) and the ECM arrangement, connective tissue can be classified as connective tissue proper or specialized connective tissue. It consists of small, spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells and ground substance with sparse collagen and reticular fibers. 2023 . Confusingly, structures within white and grey matter are referred to by different terms, depending on whether they are located in the CNS or the PNS. Onecommonly used technique is Western blot, in which proteins are separated from one another based on molecular weight using gel electrophoresis. Slide 077 20XCerebellum white and grey matter H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077 40XCerebellum molecular layer, Purkinje cell bodies H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077a Cerebellum luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. How. between a tract and a nerve? Also found in CNS tissue is the oligodendrocyte, sometimes called just oligo, which is the glial cell type that insulates axons in the CNS. Nutrient molecules, such as glucose or amino acids, can pass through the BBB, but other molecules cannot. Nervous tissue histology 1. All cells are enveloped by a semipermeable two-layered membrane, which serves as a dynamic medium for the cells interaction with the external environment. ("1" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing many nerve fibers and small cell bodies of interneurons, ("2" in the orientation figure) a middle pyramidal cell layer containing hippocampal pyramidal cells. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that appears as a long cord emerging from the cell body and projects to target cells. Each organ of the digestive system has properties that make it specialized for its role in the digestion, absorption and excretion of food. The only freely mobile joints are synovial joints, in which adjacent joint surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage, a soft type of cartilage rich in glycoproteins, proteoglycans and type II collagen. Cells that are well preserved show features characteristic of most neurons: large cell body, large pale nucleus, Nissl substance, and cell processes (most of which are dendrites). Work for the lab This website is a great way to view the tissues. The first way to classify them is by the number of processes attached to the cell body. Central Nervous System Connective Tissue Ear Endocrine System Epithelial Tissue Eye Female Reproductive System . Many of these astrocytes send out processes that contact and wrap around nearby capillaries, which are also clearly recognizable as tube-shaped segments. Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. The neuronal type is found throughout the entire human nervous system except in dorsal root/sensory ganglia. These layers of myelin are many times thicker than the diameters of the axons. The name glia comes from the Greek word that means glue, and was coined by the German pathologist Rudolph Virchow, who wrote in 1856: This connective substance, which is in the brain, the spinal cord, and the special sense nerves, is a kind of glue (neuroglia) in which the nervous elements are planted. Today, research into nervous tissue has shown that there are many deeper roles that these cells play. Neurons (Nerve cell bodies) 5 6 5. Glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and others, provide support, nourishment, myelination and protection to neurons. Two large nerve tracts typically leave the top of the cell body but immediately branch many times to form a large web of nerve fibers. The other major glial cell type you should know about are microglia which are small cells derived from blood monocytes. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes (dendrites, axons). When responding to a foreign threat, immune system cells can activate non-specific inflammation or progress to a specific immune response. Deep to the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is the white matter that conveys myelinated fibers between different parts of the cortex and other regions of the CNS. These sections are then mounted on a glass slide, using a mounting medium as an adhesive. Contents Neuron Nerve cell processes Synapses And impulse transmission The neuroglia Myelin sheath 2 3. A single axon (often called a nerve fiber) leaves the perikaryon and transmits neural signals to other neurons or to the effectororgan (e.g., skeletal muscles) via synapses. Much like the male, the female reproductive system is also designed for reproduction and sexual pleasure. Thus, in the 'white matter' of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal cell component and most of the the nuclei that you see in white matter are primarily of glial cells. Wheaters functional histology: A text and colour atlas. Slide 66a View Virtual Slide shows a section of thoracic spinal cord. Astrocytes have many processes extending from their main cell body (not axons or dendrites like neurons, just cell extensions). Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. Slide 13270 astrocytes, Gold-staining View Virtual Slide Go to a lighter stained area of the slide, which is in focus, and look for typical star-shaped cells, which represent astrocytes. At one end of the axon are dendrites, and at the other end, the axon forms synaptic connections with a target. Supporting cells dont get as much credit as neurons in popular culture; but did you know that glial cells make up at least 80% of nervous tissue? Slide 076cerebrumcerebrum luxol blue crossView Virtual Slide, Slide 076bcerebrumTB&EView Virtual Slide. Bones articulate with other bones by way of joints, which can be synovial, fibrous or cartilaginous. The tissues of the nervous system can also be divided into grey matter and white matter. Histology (6th ed.). 48 Spinal CordWhite Matter (Spinal Cord)View Virtual EM Slide In this field you see several oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the CNS, surrounded by numerous myelinated axons of various size, cut in cross section. They are considered part of the mononuclear phagocytic system and will proliferate and become actively phagocytic in regions of injury and/or inflammation. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. The primary purpose of this article is to evaluate the histology of peripheral nervous tissue. Aside from finding efficacious substances, the means of delivery is also crucial. Lateral to this structure is the tail of the caudate. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a tuft of fenestrated capillaries which creates an ultrafiltrate of blood. In a transverse section of a nerve (Figure 10), single myelinated axons look like little circles organized in bundles called fascicles. Remember that the perikaryon is the metabolic support center for each neuron, so, therefore, motor neurons require much larger perikarya. All rights reserved. Light microscopes (or optical microscopes), use a combination of visible light and lenses to create a magnified image. Neurons. As a muscle contracts, its tendon transmits the force to the bone, pulling on it and causing movement in the associated synovial joint. However, the endothelial cells maintain these junctions in response to signals (via foot processes) from ASTROCYTES. Nervous tissue contains two basic categories of cells: neurons and support cells (glia). The Neuron Special property of irritability & conductivity Nerve cells are capable of receiving the . Do you know why some structures stain blue (basophilic) and others pink (eosinophilic)? Therefore, the purkinje cell somewhat resembles a shrub or coral in shape. The testes produce male gametes (spermatozoa) via the process of spermatogenesis. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins). Like the spleen and lymph nodes, the immune cells in this tissue can mount an immune response against foreign invading material. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. Pia mater 2. Last reviewed: November 28, 2022 The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). It relays sensory input to cerebral cortex. This Power point presentation will allow students to practice the skill of identifying tissue types from 25 histology slides. All of these features give muscles the ability to contract and perform various functions, such as movement of the extremities (skeletal muscle), peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract (smooth muscle) and beating of the heart (cardiac muscle). Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). Oligodendrocytes have processes that reach out to multiple axon segments, whereas the entire Schwann cell surrounds just one axon segment. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. Tissues. It also includes important proteins that are integral to that membrane. Download Presentation Histology of Nervous Tissue An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. They return this fluid to the heart, passing it through lymphoid organs. Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. A cell is the smallest functional unit of an organism. The blood-brain barrier is a physiological barrier that keeps many substances that circulate in the rest of the body from getting into the central nervous system, restricting what can cross from circulating blood into the CNS. They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. Did you know that chronic alcoholics have a lot more smooth endoplasmic reticulum concentrations in their hepatocytes? The name means cell of a few branches (oligo- = few; dendro- = branches; -cyte = cell). That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. Skin appendages are derivatives of the epidermis. While this barrier protects the CNS from exposure to toxic or pathogenic substances, it also keeps out the cells that could protect the brain and spinal cord from disease and damage. It monitors and regulates the functions of the body. The kidneys clear waste products and control plasma pH, electrolytes and extracellular fluid volume. The most used tool today for examining cells, tissues and organs is optic (light) microscopy. Epithelial tissue can cover external surfaces (skin), line the inside of hollow organs (intestines) or form glands. Histology. Nevertheless, even if they cannot be easily seen, and one specific process is definitively the axon, these neurons have multiple processes and are therefore multipolar. The BBB also makes it harder for pharmaceuticals to be developed that can affect the nervous system. And research may find much more about them in the future. They are responsible for the computation and . Nicola McLaren MSc The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and its associated organs (tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The first step in tissue preparation for optic microscopy is fixation. Gray matter is mostly made of neuronal bodies, dendrites and glial cells whereas white matter is made primarily out of myelinated axons. Optic microscopy, also known as light microscopy, uses light from the visible spectrum and combines it with multiple lenses to create a magnified image. nervous tissue is derived from embryonic neuroectoderm The nervous system is divided anatomically into: Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. One is the axon and one the dendrite, forming a straight line. Afferent nerves carry information from sensory organs to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles.Taking location into account, the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
nervous tissue histology ppt
